Estratégias de reparo na pronúncia de oclusivas em posição de coda por falantes brasileiros de inglês como língua estrangeira
Carregando...
Data
2019-05-24
Autores
Nascimento, Geisibel Cristina Andrade [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a utilização de estratégias de reparo por parte dos aprendizes brasileiros de inglês como língua estrangeira para pronunciarem palavras que contenham segmentos oclusivos em posição de coda silábica. Este estudo foi realizado utilizando em uma nova metodologia desenvolvida a partir de Becker, Clemens e Nevins (2013) E Assis (2007), para averiguar a hipótese de que as estratégias empregadas na produção da Língua Estrangeira (LE) são as mesmas utilizadas na pronúncia de palavras da Língua Materna (LM). Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na elaboração de duas listas de palavras (uma de palavras inventadas e outra de palavras do inglês) com segmentos oclusivos em posição de coda, um texto em inglês utilizando as palavras do inglês e uma lista de frases/parágrafos (em português) em que foram empregadas as palavras inventadas. Cada lista continha 74 palavras. Essas listas foram apresentadas a 52 informantes – sendo 10 falantes nativos e exclusivos de português brasileiro (grupo 1), 40 falantes nativos e exclusivos de Português Brasileiro (PB) e estudantes de inglês (divididos em 4 grupos de 10 informantes – grupos 2, 3, 4 e 5), dos níveis intermediário e avançado, e 2 falantes nativos de inglês (grupo 6). Eles fizeram a leitura das listas de palavras, textos e frases/parágrafos em voz alta. A leitura foi gravada para se proceder, posteriormente, às análises de percepção auditiva acerca da forma como os informantes pronunciavam as palavras em questão. Constatou-se que as estratégias de reparo utilizadas foram a epêntese, a palatalização de /t/ e /d/, a aspiração, o apagamento e o deslocamento da consoante da posição de coda para o onset da sílaba seguinte. Tais estratégias foram amplamente empregadas na pronúncia das palavras inventadas e também do inglês. Nas análises pela Teoria da Otimalidade - TO (PRINCE; SMOLENSKY, 1993), as palavras foram divididas em grupos de acordo com os contextos em que a consoante analisada se encontrava para facilitar a apresentação dos dados: oclusiva em coda simples em final de palavra, oclusivas em coda complexa em final de palavra, e contexto seguinte (oclusivas em posição de coda no meio da palavra em relação à consoante do onset da sílaba seguinte). Observou-se que a hierarquia de restrições da língua materna (HLM) é a hierarquia considerada na pronúncia das palavras desconhecidas, sendo as restrições de marcação dominantes em relação às restrições de fidelidade. Por isso, as estratégias de reparo silábico utilizadas são as mesmas empregadas em palavras que possuem um segmento não licenciado na coda na língua materna. Com a evolução da aprendizagem da LE, as restrições se movimentam em direção a um novo ranking. As restrições de marcação, que inicialmente proíbem a produção de determinado segmento ou sequência de segmentos em coda, são demovidas em favor das restrições de fidelidade, possibilitando a pronúncia dos novos segmentos e/ou sequências. Propõe-se, nesta tese, que a aprendizagem da LE ocorre em estágios nos quais há reorganização de regras/restrições (seguindo a TO) até que se chegue a uma produção cada vez mais próxima da língua alvo.
This thesis aims to analyze the use of strategies of repair by Brazilian learners of English as a foreign language to pronounce words that contain occlusive segments in position of coda in the syllable. This study was carried out using a new methodology developed from Becker, Clemens and Nevins (2013), to investigate the hypothesis that the strategies used in the production of foreign language are the same as those used in the pronunciation of words from the mother tongue. This methodology is based, in brief, on the preparation of two lists of words (one of invented words and another of words of English) with occlusive segments in coda position, an English text using the English words and a list of sentences/paragraphs (in Portuguese) in which the invented words were used. Each list contained 74 words. These lists were presented to 52 informants - 10 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and nonspeakers of any other foreign language (group 1), 40 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (PB) and English students (divided into 4 groups of 10 informants - groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) , intermediate and advanced levels, and 2 native English speakers (group 6). They read the lists of words, texts and sentences/paragraphs aloud. The reading was recorded to proceed later to the auditory perception analyzes about the way the informants pronounced the words. It was observed that the strategies of repair used were the epenthesis, palatalization of /t/ and /d/, aspiration, the deletion and displacement of the consonant from the coda position to the onset of the next syllable. Such strategies were widely employed in the pronunciation of invented words as well as English. In the analyzes in the perspective of the Theory of Optimality - OT (PRINCE; SMOLENSKY, 1993), the words were divided into groups according to the contexts in which the analyzed consonant was, in order to facilitate the presentation of data: occlusive in simple coda at word end, occlusive in complex coda at word end, and next context (occlusives in coda position in the middle of the word in relation to the onset consonant of the next syllable). It was observed that the hierarchy of restrictions of the mother tongue is the hierarchy considered in the pronunciation of the unknown words, with the markedness constraints are highly ranked in relation to the faithfulness constraints. Therefore, the strategies of repair used to pronounce these words are the same as those used to pronounce words which contains a consonant in coda which are not allowed in mother tongue. With the evolution of learning, the restrictions move towards a new ranking. Markedness constraints, which initially prohibit the production of a particular segment or sequence of segments in coda, are downgraded in favor of faithfulness constraints, enabling the pronunciation of new segments and/or sequences. In this thesis, it is proposed that the learning of the foreign language occurs at stages in which there is a reorganization of rules/constraints (following the OT) in direction of a production that is closer to the target language is reached.
This thesis aims to analyze the use of strategies of repair by Brazilian learners of English as a foreign language to pronounce words that contain occlusive segments in position of coda in the syllable. This study was carried out using a new methodology developed from Becker, Clemens and Nevins (2013), to investigate the hypothesis that the strategies used in the production of foreign language are the same as those used in the pronunciation of words from the mother tongue. This methodology is based, in brief, on the preparation of two lists of words (one of invented words and another of words of English) with occlusive segments in coda position, an English text using the English words and a list of sentences/paragraphs (in Portuguese) in which the invented words were used. Each list contained 74 words. These lists were presented to 52 informants - 10 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and nonspeakers of any other foreign language (group 1), 40 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (PB) and English students (divided into 4 groups of 10 informants - groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) , intermediate and advanced levels, and 2 native English speakers (group 6). They read the lists of words, texts and sentences/paragraphs aloud. The reading was recorded to proceed later to the auditory perception analyzes about the way the informants pronounced the words. It was observed that the strategies of repair used were the epenthesis, palatalization of /t/ and /d/, aspiration, the deletion and displacement of the consonant from the coda position to the onset of the next syllable. Such strategies were widely employed in the pronunciation of invented words as well as English. In the analyzes in the perspective of the Theory of Optimality - OT (PRINCE; SMOLENSKY, 1993), the words were divided into groups according to the contexts in which the analyzed consonant was, in order to facilitate the presentation of data: occlusive in simple coda at word end, occlusive in complex coda at word end, and next context (occlusives in coda position in the middle of the word in relation to the onset consonant of the next syllable). It was observed that the hierarchy of restrictions of the mother tongue is the hierarchy considered in the pronunciation of the unknown words, with the markedness constraints are highly ranked in relation to the faithfulness constraints. Therefore, the strategies of repair used to pronounce these words are the same as those used to pronounce words which contains a consonant in coda which are not allowed in mother tongue. With the evolution of learning, the restrictions move towards a new ranking. Markedness constraints, which initially prohibit the production of a particular segment or sequence of segments in coda, are downgraded in favor of faithfulness constraints, enabling the pronunciation of new segments and/or sequences. In this thesis, it is proposed that the learning of the foreign language occurs at stages in which there is a reorganization of rules/constraints (following the OT) in direction of a production that is closer to the target language is reached.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Estratégias de reparo, Oclusivas., Pronúncia, Língua inglesa, Fonologia, Teoria da Otimalidade, Strategies of repair, Occlusives, Pronunciation, English language, Phonology, Optimality Theory