Fragmentos de cerrado: espécies arbóreas de usos múltiplos para conservação do cerrado
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Silva, Alexandre Marques da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento da ecologia e da genética das espécies arbóreas que ocorrem nos fragmentos do Bioma Cerrado é uma etapa importante para a criação de programas conservacionistas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: i) identificar e selecionar fragmentos de Cerrado, na região de Três Lagoas – MS, que apresentam diversidade em relação à ocorrência de espécies arbórea; ii) localizar, nos fragmentos selecionados, os indivíduos das espécies arbóreas, que se destacam quanto as possibilidades de utilização de produtos não madeireiro; iii) marcar árvores matrizes, nas espécies arbóreas selecionadas, com base em caracteres de crescimento e na sua localização, para que os fragmentos possam ser denominados de “áreas de coleta de sementes – ACS”. O estudo foi realizado em quatorze fragmentos do Bioma Cerrado distribuídos em sete fazendas no município de Três Lagoas, (MS). A distância em quilômetros entre os fragmentos, variou de 3,0 a 64,8 km. O levantamento das espécies arbóreas ocorreu mensalmente entre os meses de julho a dezembro de 2012 e 2013. Todos os fragmentos foram visitados, e, nestes, foi realizado levantamento de diversidade das espécies arbóreas com potencial para produtos não madeireiros e madeireiros. A identificação das espécies arbóreas dos fragmentos foi feita a partir de caminhamento dentro da área e nas bordas, a considerar indivíduos reprodutivos. Para conhecer as estratégias ecológicas das espécies arbóreas de interesse, pesquisou-se sobre as características ecológicas: usos, síndrome de polinização, síndrome de dispersão e grupo sucessional. Foi proposto modelo de classificação para as espécies registradas o agrupamento em três classes sucessionais desenvolvidas para o Cerrado. No levantamento de espécies arbóreas, foram registradas 89 espécies pertencentes a 37 famílias. Dentre as 89 espécies, 20 apresentaram as maiores frequências, contribuindo com 50,86% da representatividade. Sendo as famílias Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae e Annonaceae com o maior número de espécies. As espécies registradas têm os maiores usos madeireiro, ornamental, medicinal e melífera. A maioria das espécies é polinizadas por abelhas, e apresentam dispersão zoocórica e anemocórica. Conclui se que a os fragmentos de Cerrado apresenta espécies de interesse econômico e ecológico para implantação de áreas de coletas de sementes com potencial de produção de sementes, de qualidade superior, aliando a preservação e conservação desses locais. Portanto, alto índice de dissimilaridade e potencial para seleção de espécies arbóreas com produtos não madeireiros com potencialidade para serem utilizadas em sistemas de recomposição de áreas de preservação permanente e reservas legais. A partir da proposta de sucessão, para as espécies arbóreas do Cerrrado, foi possível caracterizar, de forma eficiente, que a fitofisionomia, nesses fragmentos, está com a mesma tendência, ou seja, de passar de Cerrado para Cerradão. Os dados gerados permite conhecer as funcionalidades de polinização, dispersores, diversidade de espécies e suas potencialidades para usos que podem ser utilizados para definir o manejo desses fragmentos.
Knowledge of the ecology and genetics of tree species occurring in the Cerrado Biome fragments is an important step towards the creation of conservation programs. The objectives of this work were: i) to identify and select Cerrado fragments, in the Três Lagoas - MS region, which present diversity in relation to the occurrence of arboreal species; ii) to locate, in the selected fragments, the individuals of the tree species, which stand out as the possibilities of use of non-timber products; and (iii) marking selected tree species, based on growth characters and their location, so that the fragments can be referred to as "ACS - seed collection areas". The study was carried out in fourteen fragments of the Cerrado Biome distributed in seven farms in Três Lagoas, (MS). The distance in kilometers between the fragments ranged from 3.0 to 64.8 km. The survey of tree species occurred monthly between July and December of 2012 and 2013. All the fragments were visited, and, in these, a survey was carried out on the diversity of tree species with potential for non-timber and timber products. The identification of the tree species of the fragments was made from walking within the area and at the edges, to consider reproductive individuals. In order to know the ecological strategies of the arboreal species of interest, we investigated the ecological characteristics: uses, pollination syndrome, dispersion syndrome and successional group. It was proposed classification model for the species recorded the grouping in three successional classes developed for the Cerrado. In the survey of tree species, 89 species belonging to 37 families were registered. Among the 89 species, 20 presented the highest frequencies, contributing with 50.86% of the representativity. Being the families Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae and Annonaceae with the largest number of species. The registered species have the greatest uses for timber, ornamental, medicinal and melífera. Most species are pollinated by bees, and exhibit zoocoric and anemocoric dispersion. It is concluded that the Cerrado fragments present species of economic and ecological interest for the implantation of areas of seed collection with potential of seed production, of superior quality, combining the preservation and conservation of these sites. Therefore, a high index of dissimilarity and potential for selection of tree species with non-timber products with the potential to be used in systems of restoration of permanent preservation areas and legal reserves. From the proposal of succession, for the tree species of the Cerrrado, it was possible to characterize, in an efficient way, that the phytophysiognomy, in these fragments, is with the same tendency, that is, of going from Cerrado to Cerradão. The data generated allows to know the pollination functionalities, dispersers, species diversity and their potentialities for uses that can be used to define the management of these fragments.
Knowledge of the ecology and genetics of tree species occurring in the Cerrado Biome fragments is an important step towards the creation of conservation programs. The objectives of this work were: i) to identify and select Cerrado fragments, in the Três Lagoas - MS region, which present diversity in relation to the occurrence of arboreal species; ii) to locate, in the selected fragments, the individuals of the tree species, which stand out as the possibilities of use of non-timber products; and (iii) marking selected tree species, based on growth characters and their location, so that the fragments can be referred to as "ACS - seed collection areas". The study was carried out in fourteen fragments of the Cerrado Biome distributed in seven farms in Três Lagoas, (MS). The distance in kilometers between the fragments ranged from 3.0 to 64.8 km. The survey of tree species occurred monthly between July and December of 2012 and 2013. All the fragments were visited, and, in these, a survey was carried out on the diversity of tree species with potential for non-timber and timber products. The identification of the tree species of the fragments was made from walking within the area and at the edges, to consider reproductive individuals. In order to know the ecological strategies of the arboreal species of interest, we investigated the ecological characteristics: uses, pollination syndrome, dispersion syndrome and successional group. It was proposed classification model for the species recorded the grouping in three successional classes developed for the Cerrado. In the survey of tree species, 89 species belonging to 37 families were registered. Among the 89 species, 20 presented the highest frequencies, contributing with 50.86% of the representativity. Being the families Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Apocynaceae and Annonaceae with the largest number of species. The registered species have the greatest uses for timber, ornamental, medicinal and melífera. Most species are pollinated by bees, and exhibit zoocoric and anemocoric dispersion. It is concluded that the Cerrado fragments present species of economic and ecological interest for the implantation of areas of seed collection with potential of seed production, of superior quality, combining the preservation and conservation of these sites. Therefore, a high index of dissimilarity and potential for selection of tree species with non-timber products with the potential to be used in systems of restoration of permanent preservation areas and legal reserves. From the proposal of succession, for the tree species of the Cerrrado, it was possible to characterize, in an efficient way, that the phytophysiognomy, in these fragments, is with the same tendency, that is, of going from Cerrado to Cerradão. The data generated allows to know the pollination functionalities, dispersers, species diversity and their potentialities for uses that can be used to define the management of these fragments.
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Palavras-chave
Cerrado, Conservação ambiental, Desempenho diâmetrico, Fragmentos de cerrado, Produtos não madeireiros, Environmental conservation, Diameter performance, Fragments of cerrado, Non-timber products