Umidade relativa no nascedouro sobre a janela de eclosão e a qualidade dos pintos de corte
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Data
2019-06-10
Autores
Nogueira, Marina de Almeida
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da umidade relativa no nascedouro a partir da bicagem é uma prática de manejo que objetiva manter as membranas da casca macias e maleáveis. No presente trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da umidade relativa no nascedouro (60 e 65%), a partir da bicagem interna ou externa, sobre: a duração da incubação e das fases do processo de eclosão, eclodibilidade, mortalidade in ovo, propriedades mecânicas da casca dos ovos, qualidade dos pintos na eclosão e sobrevivência e desempenho na primeira semana de vida. Para isso, ovos de matrizes de corte, Cobb 500 com 66,06 g ± 0,63g foram incubados a 37,5°C ± 0,03 e 60% de UR, com giro a cada hora até o 18° dia. A partir do 18º dia, os ovos foram distribuídos pelo peso entre três nascedouros (tratamentos): 60% de UR a partir da bicagem interna (BI-60%, controle), 65% de UR a partir da bicagem interna (BI-65%) e 65% de UR a partir da bicagem externa (BE-65%). Os resultados mostram que o aumento da umidade relativa no nascedouro a partir da bicagem interna e externa, reduziu a janela de eclosão em 28,7% e 26,5% (para incubação até 504h). Os tratamentos não tiveram efeito sobre a eclodibilidade, porém houve uma concentração maior de pintos nascidos no período intermediário e foram maiores que o preconizado por incubatórios. O aumento da umidade também não alterou a pontuação média de qualidade dos pintos, indicando que esses tratamentos foram de classificação “muito boa”. A frequência da ausência de problemas físicos foi maior do que a frequência de problemas, porém foi observado problemas de pernas, incorporação de saco de vitelo e problemas de umbigo para o tratamento controle (BI-60%), mostrando que o aumento da umidade relativa a partir da bicagem interna e externa não aumenta a frequência desses problemas. A deformação de ruptura do ovo foi menor nos de tratamento com aumento de umidade (BI-65% e BE-65%) do que no tratamento controle (BI-60%). Nossos resultados mostram que, conforme o esperado, o aumento da umidade relativa a partir da bicagem interna e externa, reduz janela de eclosão, concentra os nascimentos no período intermediário e reduz a frequência de problemas de perna, incorporação de saco de vitelo e de umbigo comparado ao tratamento controle.
Although increasing relative humidity in the hatcher is a hatchery management suggested tofacilitate the breaking of the eggshell for chick hatching, lacking in the literature data on its effects. The present study examined whether higher relative humidity in the hatcher from the internal or external pipping influences incubation time, hatchability and mortality, mechanical properties of the eggshell, and the quality of the newly-hatched chicks and their survival and performance in the first week of life. For this purpose, broiler breeder eggs (Cobb 500®) were incubated at the usual temperature and 60% RH until internal or external pipping. From the pippings, the eggs were distributed among three treatments in the hatcher (IP-60%: 60% RH from the internal pipping, control, IP-65%: 65% RH from the internal pipping, EP-65%: 65% RH from the external pipping), maintaining the usual incubation temperature. Higher relative humidity in the hatcher from internal or external picking did not influence hatchability, but it reduced the hatchi window by 28.7% and 26.5%, respectively. Both treatments increased the hatchability in the intermediate period of the hatch window, without changing the average duration of incubation. BI- 65% reduced the overall incidence of leg, navel and yolk sac problems, while BE-65% reduced the occurrence of leg problems and increased the navel and yolk sac problems. IP-65% and EP-65% decreased the occurrence of feathering, navel and leg problems in the period of highest hatchability of the hatching window (intermediate period). Increase of relative humidity in the hatcher did not influence the breaking strength of the eggshell, but it decreased the rupture deformation. The results showed that increased relative humidity from the internal or external pipping reduced the hatch window by concentrating the births of the chicks in its intermediate period, and reduced the incidence of physical problems in the same period of the window of hatching. From a practical point of view, our data indicate that increasing the relative humidity from the internal or external pipping may be a management of the egg incubation.
Although increasing relative humidity in the hatcher is a hatchery management suggested tofacilitate the breaking of the eggshell for chick hatching, lacking in the literature data on its effects. The present study examined whether higher relative humidity in the hatcher from the internal or external pipping influences incubation time, hatchability and mortality, mechanical properties of the eggshell, and the quality of the newly-hatched chicks and their survival and performance in the first week of life. For this purpose, broiler breeder eggs (Cobb 500®) were incubated at the usual temperature and 60% RH until internal or external pipping. From the pippings, the eggs were distributed among three treatments in the hatcher (IP-60%: 60% RH from the internal pipping, control, IP-65%: 65% RH from the internal pipping, EP-65%: 65% RH from the external pipping), maintaining the usual incubation temperature. Higher relative humidity in the hatcher from internal or external picking did not influence hatchability, but it reduced the hatchi window by 28.7% and 26.5%, respectively. Both treatments increased the hatchability in the intermediate period of the hatch window, without changing the average duration of incubation. BI- 65% reduced the overall incidence of leg, navel and yolk sac problems, while BE-65% reduced the occurrence of leg problems and increased the navel and yolk sac problems. IP-65% and EP-65% decreased the occurrence of feathering, navel and leg problems in the period of highest hatchability of the hatching window (intermediate period). Increase of relative humidity in the hatcher did not influence the breaking strength of the eggshell, but it decreased the rupture deformation. The results showed that increased relative humidity from the internal or external pipping reduced the hatch window by concentrating the births of the chicks in its intermediate period, and reduced the incidence of physical problems in the same period of the window of hatching. From a practical point of view, our data indicate that increasing the relative humidity from the internal or external pipping may be a management of the egg incubation.
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Palavras-chave
Bicagem interna, Bicagem externa, Duração da incubação, Eclodibilidade