Formas de coinoculação com bactérias promotoras de crescimento: na nodulação, nutrição e desempenho agronômico da soja no cerrado
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Oliveira, Laura Britto Garcia de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCPs) pode promover aumento na eficiência da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), com benefícios no desenvolvimento e produtividade de grãos de soja. Diante o exposto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da coinoculação entre rizóbios e seis BPCPs (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculadas via semente ou em jato dirigido na base da planta no estádio V3, sobre a nodulação, nutrição, acúmulo de nutrientes e produtividade de grãos de soja no Cerrado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em sistema plantio direto na Fazenda Experimenal da Faculdade Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS, Brasil. num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico de textura argilosa, em cultivo irrigado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 6x2+3, sendo coinoculação de rizóbios com seis BPCPs (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculadas na semente ou em jato dirigido na base da planta no estádio V3 da soja; além da testemunha sem inoculação e N, inoculação de sementes apenas com rizóbios (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), e tratamento com adubação nitrogenada (ureia). A coinoculação da soja com as bactérias promotoras de crescimentos via semente ou em estádio V3 proporciona maior número de nódulos por planta em relação à inoculação convencional com B. japonicum. Isto pode aumentar os teores de N, B e Cu foliar, principalmente quando a coinoculação for via semente. Os acúmulos de P, K e S nos grãos podem aumentar em relação a inoculação convencional com a coinoculação com BPCPs, porém quando realizada no estádio V3. Na palhada, tanto via semente como em estádio V3, também podem ocorrer maiores acúmulos de N, P, K, Cu e Zn em relação a inoculação com B. japonicum. A coinoculação com BPCPs proporcinou semelhantes resultados biométricos, dos componentes produtivos, de matéria seca de parte aérea e de produtividade de grãos quando comparado a inoculação convencional da soja, independentemente da forma de coinoculação. As formas de coinoculação em função das condições climáticas interferem de forma diferenciada no efeito das BPCPs sobre a nutrição, acúmulo de nutrientes nos grãos e palhada, e produtividade da soja no Cerrado. Dentre as bactérias, a coinoculação com Bacillus licheniformis via jato dirigido em estádio V3 se destacou com as maiores produtividades de grãos.
The use of plant growth promoting communities may increase the biological nitrogen efficiency, with benefits in the development and productivity of soybean grains. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation between rhizobia and six species of growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculated via seeds or directed jet at the base of the plant in V3 stage, on nodulation, nutrition, nutrient accumulation and yield of soybean grains at Cerrado. The experiments were conducted under no-tillage system at the Experimenal Farm belonging to Unesp-Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS, Brazil, in irrigated cultivation. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with four replicates, arranged in 6x2+4 factorial outline, being co-inoculation of rhizobia with six species of growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens) inoculated in the seed or directed jet at the base of the plant in V3 stage in soybean, beyond the control without inoculation and nitrogen, seed inoculation only with rihzobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), and treatment with nitrogen fertilization (urea). The co-inoculation of soybean with growth promoting bacteria via seed or in the V3 stage provides greater numbers of nodules per plant relative to conventional inoculation with B. japonicum. This may increase the N, B and Cu contents of the leaf, especially when the co-inoculation is via seed. The accumulations of P, K and S in the grains may increase over conventional inoculation with co-inoculation with species of growth promoting bacteria, however when performed in the V3 stage. In the straw, both via seed and in stage V3, larger accumulations of N, P, K, Cu and Zn may also occur with respect to inoculation with B. japonicum. Co-inoculation with species of growth promoting bacteria gave similar biometric results, of the productive components, of dry matter of aerial part and of grain yield when compared to conventional soybean inoculation, regardless of the form of co-inoculation. The forms of co-inoculation as a function of climatic conditions differ in the effect of species of growth promoting bacteria on nutrition, accumulation of nutrients in grains and straw, and soybean yield at Cerrado. Among the bacteria, the co-inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis via directed jet in V3 stage stood out with the highest grain yields.
The use of plant growth promoting communities may increase the biological nitrogen efficiency, with benefits in the development and productivity of soybean grains. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation between rhizobia and six species of growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens), inoculated via seeds or directed jet at the base of the plant in V3 stage, on nodulation, nutrition, nutrient accumulation and yield of soybean grains at Cerrado. The experiments were conducted under no-tillage system at the Experimenal Farm belonging to Unesp-Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS, Brazil, in irrigated cultivation. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with four replicates, arranged in 6x2+4 factorial outline, being co-inoculation of rhizobia with six species of growth promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefacens, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. subtilis e Pseudomonas fluorescens) inoculated in the seed or directed jet at the base of the plant in V3 stage in soybean, beyond the control without inoculation and nitrogen, seed inoculation only with rihzobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), and treatment with nitrogen fertilization (urea). The co-inoculation of soybean with growth promoting bacteria via seed or in the V3 stage provides greater numbers of nodules per plant relative to conventional inoculation with B. japonicum. This may increase the N, B and Cu contents of the leaf, especially when the co-inoculation is via seed. The accumulations of P, K and S in the grains may increase over conventional inoculation with co-inoculation with species of growth promoting bacteria, however when performed in the V3 stage. In the straw, both via seed and in stage V3, larger accumulations of N, P, K, Cu and Zn may also occur with respect to inoculation with B. japonicum. Co-inoculation with species of growth promoting bacteria gave similar biometric results, of the productive components, of dry matter of aerial part and of grain yield when compared to conventional soybean inoculation, regardless of the form of co-inoculation. The forms of co-inoculation as a function of climatic conditions differ in the effect of species of growth promoting bacteria on nutrition, accumulation of nutrients in grains and straw, and soybean yield at Cerrado. Among the bacteria, the co-inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis via directed jet in V3 stage stood out with the highest grain yields.
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Palavras-chave
Glycine max L, Diagnose foliar, Fixação biológica de nitrogênio, Produtividade de grãos, Leaf nutrient diagnosis, Biological nitrogen fixation, Grain yield