Produtividade e respostas antioxidantes da soja enlist E3TM submetida à aplicação de herbicidas
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Data
2019-07-13
Autores
Oliveira, Thiago Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Visando reduzir os impactos causados pelo uso constante de um mesmo ingrediente ativo, principalmente a ocorrência de plantas daninhas resistentes, uma nova cultivar de soja geneticamente modificada foi desenvolvida. Entretanto, por ser uma cultivar recem criada, ainda carece de estudos desenvolvidos sob condições de campo quanto à resistência efetiva a herbicidas e nas diferentes condições de cultivo no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos dos herbicidas 2,4-D sal colina, glyphosate, 2,4-D sal colina+glyphosate, glufosinato e glufosinato + 2,4-D sal colina sobre o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da soja Enlist E3™. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram: 2,4-D sal Colina (780 g e.a./ha-1), glyphosate (820 g e.a./ha-1), 2,4-D sal colina+glyphosate (1600 g e.a./ha-1), glufosinato (400 g e.a./ha-1) e glufosinato + 2,4-D sal colina (400+780 g e.a./ha-1) e o dobro da dose de cada tratamento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Jaboticabal, SP e o delineamento foi realizado em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2+T, sendo cinco tratamentos herbicidas, duas doses e uma testemunha capinada com quatro repetições. Após a aplicação dos herbicidas foram realizadas as avaliações de intoxicação das plantas até os 14 DAA, e na colheita foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens, peso de 100 grãos e rendimento de grãos foram avaliadas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 1 ou 5% de probabilidade. Considerando os resultados obtidos pelas variáveis analisadas na safra 17/18, concluiu-se que os tratamentos utilizados interferiram negativamente no desenvolvimento da cultura apenas para a altura de inserção e número de vagens da soja, sendo que o dobro da dose influenciou negativamente na produtividade de grãos e na altura da planta. Por outro lado, na safra 18/19, os tratamentos utilizados interferiram negativamente apenas na altura da planta e na produtividade quando utilizados o dobro das doses recomendadas. Portanto, a soja Enlist E3™, na maioria de suas características avaliadas, principalmente para rendimento de grãos, não foi afetada significativamente à aplicação dos diferentes herbicidas, quando utilizada a dose recomendada para a cultura.
In order to reduce the impacts caused by the constant use of the same active ingredient in the field and the occurrence of resistant weeds, a new genetically modified soybean cultivar was developed. However, as a recent elaborated cultivar, studies are scarce about field conditions regarding the effective resistance to herbicides and different cultivation conditions in Brazil. Thus, the main of this work was to verify the effects of the herbicides 2,4-D choline salt, glyphosate, 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate, glufosinate and glufosinate + 2,4-D choline salt on development and productivity of the soybean Enlist E3 ™. The herbicide treatments were: 2,4-D Coline salt (780 g ea / ha-1), glyphosate (820 g ea / ha-1), 2,4-D Coline + glyphosate salt), Glufosinato (400 g ea / ha-1) and Glufosinato + 2,4-D Choline salt (400 + 780 g ea / ha-1) and twice the dose of each treatment. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block in a 5x2 + T factorial scheme, with five herbicide treatments, two doses and one weed control, with four replications. The height of the plants, height of insertion of the first pod, number of pods, weight of 100 grains and yield of grains were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 1 or 5% of probability level. Overall results for 2017/2018 harvest showed that treatments with once herbicide dose had a negative effects on insertion height and the number of soybean pods, whereas treatments with twice the dose had a negative effect in yield of grains and at plant height. On the other hand, only treatments with twice herbicide dose affected negatively height and plant productivity for 2018/2019 harvest. Therefore, most of its evaluated characteristics in soybean Enlist E3 ™, mainly for yield of grains, were not affected to the application of the different herbicides, when the recommended dose was used.
In order to reduce the impacts caused by the constant use of the same active ingredient in the field and the occurrence of resistant weeds, a new genetically modified soybean cultivar was developed. However, as a recent elaborated cultivar, studies are scarce about field conditions regarding the effective resistance to herbicides and different cultivation conditions in Brazil. Thus, the main of this work was to verify the effects of the herbicides 2,4-D choline salt, glyphosate, 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate, glufosinate and glufosinate + 2,4-D choline salt on development and productivity of the soybean Enlist E3 ™. The herbicide treatments were: 2,4-D Coline salt (780 g ea / ha-1), glyphosate (820 g ea / ha-1), 2,4-D Coline + glyphosate salt), Glufosinato (400 g ea / ha-1) and Glufosinato + 2,4-D Choline salt (400 + 780 g ea / ha-1) and twice the dose of each treatment. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block in a 5x2 + T factorial scheme, with five herbicide treatments, two doses and one weed control, with four replications. The height of the plants, height of insertion of the first pod, number of pods, weight of 100 grains and yield of grains were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 1 or 5% of probability level. Overall results for 2017/2018 harvest showed that treatments with once herbicide dose had a negative effects on insertion height and the number of soybean pods, whereas treatments with twice the dose had a negative effect in yield of grains and at plant height. On the other hand, only treatments with twice herbicide dose affected negatively height and plant productivity for 2018/2019 harvest. Therefore, most of its evaluated characteristics in soybean Enlist E3 ™, mainly for yield of grains, were not affected to the application of the different herbicides, when the recommended dose was used.
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Glycine max, Herbicidas, Tolerância, Produtividade