Efeitos da suplementação do licopeno sobre processos fisiopatológicos da doença gordurosa não alcoólica do fígado induzida por dieta hipercalórica rica em carboidratos simples
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2019-07-17
Autores
Costa, Mariane Róvero
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: Nos últimos anos a população mundial tem vivenciado mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, tais alterações caracterizam a transição nutricional. Ressalta-se o maior consumo de alimentos de alta densidade energética, produtos industrializados, acrescidos de açúcar e ricos em gordura e uma redução no consumo de vegetais e frutas. Este padrão alimentar é conhecido como dieta ocidental, que associada a inatividade física, reflete em alterações na composição corporal e, consequentemente, obesidade. O sobrepeso e a obesidade atualmente são um preocupante problema de saúde pública devido à elevada prevalência bem como associação com outras patologias como a doença gordurosa não alcoólica do fígado (NAFLD, do inglês nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). A fisiopatologia da NAFLD está amplamente relacionada aos processos oxidativo e inflamatório. Por isso, o licopeno, um carotenoide reconhecido pela sua ação antioxidante e anti-inflamatória, tem sido investigado como um potencial protetor hepático na NAFLD. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da suplementação com licopeno sobre os processos fisiopatológicos da NAFLD induzida por dieta hipercalórica rica em carboidrato simples. Materiais e Métodos: Esse estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão Ética no Uso de Animais da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (1266/2018). Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar aleatoriamente distribuídos em 2 grupos com diferentes dietas para indução de obesidade: dieta controle (n=12) e hipercalórica (n=12). Após 20 semanas, os animais foram novamente distribuídos em 4 grupos para o estudo da suplementação com licopeno: grupo controle (Co, n=6), grupo controle suplementado com licopeno (Co+Ly, n=6), grupo obeso (Ob, n=6) e grupo obeso suplementado com licopeno (Ob+Ly, n=6). Aos grupos obesos (Ob e Ob+Ly) também foi ofertado 25% de sacarose. Os animais receberam a solução de licopeno (tomate oleoresina) diluído em óleo de milho (10mg/kg/dia) ou veículo (óleo de milho) via gavagem durante 10 semanas. Dados paramétricos estão apresentados em média e desvio padrão e não-paramétricos apresentados em mediana e intervalo interquartil e analisados por ANOVA de duas vias ou por Kruskall Wallis, respectivamente. Para análise histológica foram utilizadas as distribuições de Poasson ou Binominal. Valores de p≤0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Os animais que consumiram a dieta hipercalórica apresentaram maior ganho de peso e índice de adiposidade, elevados níveis de glicemia, triglicérides plasmáticos e hepáticos, além de esteatose hepática macro e microvesicular e presença do marcador inflamatório fator de necrose tumoral- (TNF-α) fígado. O licopeno mostrou-se eficiente no controle do perfil lipídico ao reduzir os triglicerídeos plasmáticos e hepáticos e ao aumentar a lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL, do inglês high density lipoprotein), além de minimizar a esteatose microvesicular. Efeitos positivos sobre os processos inflamatório e oxidativo também foram observados. O licopeno reduziu os níveis hepáticos de TNF-α e MDA, e contribui para o melhor desempenho do sistema antioxidante do órgão ao amplificar a atividade das enzimas catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD). Conclusão: O licopeno parece ser um notável coadjuvante na terapia da obesidade e suas doenças correlatas como a NAFLD, já que contribui para a modulação de processos fisiopatológicas relacionados à doença.
Introduction: In recent years the world population has experienced changes in eating habits, which characterize the nutritional transition. Higher consumption of high energy density foods, industrialized products, high sugar and high fat products, and a reduction in the consumption of vegetables and fruits are also noteworthy. This dietary pattern is known as western diet, which associated with physical inactivity, reflects on changes in body composition and consequently obesity. Overweight and obesity are currently a worrying public health problem due to the high prevalence as well as association with other pathologies such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The pathophysiology of NAFLD is largely related to oxidative and inflammatory processes. Therefore, lycopene, a carotenoid recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, has been investigated as a potential liver protector in NAFLD. Aim: To investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation on the pathophysiological processes of NAFLD induced by a simple carbohydrate-rich hypercaloric diet. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the Animal Ethical Committee of Botucatu Medical School (1266/2018). 24 Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 2 groups with different diets for obesity induction: control diet (n=12) and hypercaloric (n=12). After 20 weeks, the animals were redistributed in 4 groups for the study of lycopene supplementation: control group (Co, n=6), control group supplemented with lycopene (Co+Ly, n=6), obese group (Ob, n=6) and obese group supplemented with (Ob+Ly, n=6). Obese groups (Ob and Ob + Ly) also received 25% sucrose. The animals received the solution of lycopene (oleoresin tomato) diluted in corn oil (10mg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) via gavage for 10 weeks. Parametric data are presented in mean and standard deviation and nonparametric data presented in median and interquartile range and analyzed by two-way ANOVA or by Kruskall Wallis, respectively. For histological analysis, Poasson or Binominal distributions were used. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The animals, which consumed the hypercaloric diet, presented greater weight gain and adiposity index, high glycemia levels, plasma and hepatic triglycerides, besides macro and microvesicular hepatic steatosis and presence and presence of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor- (TNF. Lycopene has been shown to be efficient in controlling the blood and liver lipid profile by reducing plasma and liver triglycerides and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in addition to minimizing microvesicular steatosis. Positive effects on inflammatory and oxidative processes were also observed. Lycopene reduced hepatic levels of TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) and contributed to improve the performance of the antioxidant liver system by amplifying the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Conclusion: Lycopene seems to be a remarkable adjunct in the therapy of obesity and its related diseases such as NAFLD, since it contributes to the modulation of pathophysiological processes related to the disease.
Introduction: In recent years the world population has experienced changes in eating habits, which characterize the nutritional transition. Higher consumption of high energy density foods, industrialized products, high sugar and high fat products, and a reduction in the consumption of vegetables and fruits are also noteworthy. This dietary pattern is known as western diet, which associated with physical inactivity, reflects on changes in body composition and consequently obesity. Overweight and obesity are currently a worrying public health problem due to the high prevalence as well as association with other pathologies such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The pathophysiology of NAFLD is largely related to oxidative and inflammatory processes. Therefore, lycopene, a carotenoid recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, has been investigated as a potential liver protector in NAFLD. Aim: To investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation on the pathophysiological processes of NAFLD induced by a simple carbohydrate-rich hypercaloric diet. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the Animal Ethical Committee of Botucatu Medical School (1266/2018). 24 Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 2 groups with different diets for obesity induction: control diet (n=12) and hypercaloric (n=12). After 20 weeks, the animals were redistributed in 4 groups for the study of lycopene supplementation: control group (Co, n=6), control group supplemented with lycopene (Co+Ly, n=6), obese group (Ob, n=6) and obese group supplemented with (Ob+Ly, n=6). Obese groups (Ob and Ob + Ly) also received 25% sucrose. The animals received the solution of lycopene (oleoresin tomato) diluted in corn oil (10mg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) via gavage for 10 weeks. Parametric data are presented in mean and standard deviation and nonparametric data presented in median and interquartile range and analyzed by two-way ANOVA or by Kruskall Wallis, respectively. For histological analysis, Poasson or Binominal distributions were used. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The animals, which consumed the hypercaloric diet, presented greater weight gain and adiposity index, high glycemia levels, plasma and hepatic triglycerides, besides macro and microvesicular hepatic steatosis and presence and presence of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor- (TNF. Lycopene has been shown to be efficient in controlling the blood and liver lipid profile by reducing plasma and liver triglycerides and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in addition to minimizing microvesicular steatosis. Positive effects on inflammatory and oxidative processes were also observed. Lycopene reduced hepatic levels of TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) and contributed to improve the performance of the antioxidant liver system by amplifying the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Conclusion: Lycopene seems to be a remarkable adjunct in the therapy of obesity and its related diseases such as NAFLD, since it contributes to the modulation of pathophysiological processes related to the disease.
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dieta hipercalórica, obesidade, NAFLD, licopeno, hypercaloric diet, obesity, lycopene