Atuação dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no desenvolvimento ovariano de Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Characiformes: Characidae)
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Data
2019-07-26
Autores
Borges, Laís Pedroso
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os peixes durante o período reprodutivo, mobilizam grande parte de suas reservas energéticas para o processo de maturação dos oócitos, por isso quando em cativeiro, é necessário o fornecimento de uma dieta nutricionalmente adequada, com cuidado com o manejo alimentar e a escolha da ração, aonde os reprodutores devem receber uma dieta com componentes de alta qualidade e digestibilidade. O objetivo foi verificar se a adição de 5% de óleo de peixe marinho a dieta Gymnocorymbus ternetzi promoverá uma incorporação de ácidos graxos essenciais no tecido ovariano e possível alteração no desenvolvimento gonadal. Para tal, foram estabelecidos dois sistemas compostos com espécimes adultos de G. ternetzi, sendo um denominado grupo controle - GC, em que os animais foram alimentados com ração comercial e o outro grupo óleo - GO que foram alimentados com a mesma ração com adição de 5% de óleo de peixe marinho, por um período de 12 meses. Mensalmente, foram realizadas coletas do tecido hepático e gonadal de fêmeas de G. ternetzi, para determinação dos índices hepatossomático (IHS) e gonadossomático (IGS), para quantificação e determinação do tamanho dos oócitos, para análise das fases reprodutivas e determinação quanto ao perfil dos ácidos graxos. Os dados de biometria dos animais, não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos testados. A determinação dos ácidos graxos dos tecidos hepático e gonadal, apresentou valores constantes e similares de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados - família ômega 3 (PUFAs n3) para ambos os grupos. O índice gonadossomático (IGS) não diferiu estatisticamente entre os grupos, mas o índice hepatossomático (IHS), nos meses de abril/2018 (GO- 1,06 ± 0,25%; GC- 0,77 ±0,17%) e outubro /2018(GO- 1,15 ± 0,29%; GC- 0,73± 0,28%) diferiram estatisticamente (p ≥ 0,05) para GO e dezembro/2017(GC- 1,30 ± 0,17%; GO- 0,80± 0,36%) com (p ≥ 0,05) para GC. G.ternetzi manteve-se na fase de apto a desova, subfase de desova ativa, por todo o período de coleta em ambos os grupos. Quanto a análise estereológica, o GO teve um aumento significativo (p ≥ 0,05), quanto ao percentual de oócitos maduros nos meses de dezembro/2017 (GC- 3,95%; GO - 6,90%), março/2018 (GC- 4,18% ; GO- 6,07%) e junho/2018 (GC- 3,93%; GO- 5,63%) e de oócitos atrésicos em junho/2018 ( GC- 3,27%; GO- 4,68%). Com relação a área dos oócitos em vitelogênese final (Vtg3) ou dos oócitos maduros, GO apresentou a área maior (p≥0,05), nos meses de março/2018 (GC- 333069,37 µm²; GO- 960478,45 µm²), junho/2018 (GC- 327197,86 µm²; GO- 1262535,47 µm²) e outubro/2018( GC- 315383,10 µm²; GO- 1253784,697 µm²). Portanto, infere-se que a suplementação de PUFAs n3 na dieta de G. ternetzi, levou a alteração no desenvolvimento gonadal da espécie, principalmente na maturação final dos oócitos.
Fish during the reproductive period mobilize most of their energy reserves for the oocyte maturation process, so when in captivity, it is necessary to provide a nutritionally adequate diet, careful with food management and choice of feed, where breeders should receive a diet with high quality components and digestibility. The objective was to verify if the addition of 5% of marine fish oil to the Gymnocorymbus ternetzi diet will promote the incorporation of essential fatty acids in the ovarian tissue and possible alteration in gonadal development. For this purpose, two composite systems were established with adult G. ternetzi specimens, one called control group - GC, in which the animals were fed with commercial feed and the other oil - GO group that were fed with the same feed with the addition of 5% marine fish oil for a period of 12 months. The liver and gonadal tissue were collected monthly from G. ternetzi females to determine hepatosomal (IHS) and gonadosomatic indices (IGS), to quantify and determine oocyte size, to analyze the reproductive phases and to determine the profile. of fatty acids. Animal biometrics data did not differ statistically between the groups tested. The determination of fatty acids from hepatic and gonadal tissues presented constant and similar values of polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 3 family (PUFAs n3) for both groups. The gonadosomatic index (IGS) did not differ statistically between the groups, but the hepatosomatic index (IHS), in April / 2018 (GO-1.06 ± 0.25%; GC- 0.77 ± 0.17%). and October / 2018 (GO- 1.15 ± 0.29%; GC- 0.73 ± 0.28%) differed statistically (p ≥ 0.05) for GO and December / 2017 (GC- 1.30 ± 0.17%; GO-0.80 ± 0.36%) with (p ≥ 0.05) for CG. G.ternetzi remained in the spawning-fit phase, active spawning sub-phase, throughout the collection period in both groups. Regarding the stereological analysis, the GO had a significant increase (p ≥ 0.05), regarding the percentage of mature oocytes in the months of December / 2017 (GC- 3.95%; GO - 6.90%), March / 2018. (GC 4.18%; GO 6.07%) and June 2018 (GC 3.93%; GO 5.63%) and of atresic oocytes in June 2018 (GC 3.27%; GO- 4.68%). Regarding the area of final vitellogenesis oocytes (Vtg3) or mature oocytes, GO presented the largest area (p≥0.05) in March / 2018 (GC-333069.37 µm²; GO-960478.45 µm²). , June / 2018 (GC- 327197.86 µm; GO-1262535.47 µm) and October / 2018 (GC- 315383.10 µm; GO-1253784.69 µm). Therefore, it can be inferred that the supplementation of PU3s n3 in the diet of G. ternetzi led to alteration in the gonadal development of the species, especially in the final maturation of oocytes.
Fish during the reproductive period mobilize most of their energy reserves for the oocyte maturation process, so when in captivity, it is necessary to provide a nutritionally adequate diet, careful with food management and choice of feed, where breeders should receive a diet with high quality components and digestibility. The objective was to verify if the addition of 5% of marine fish oil to the Gymnocorymbus ternetzi diet will promote the incorporation of essential fatty acids in the ovarian tissue and possible alteration in gonadal development. For this purpose, two composite systems were established with adult G. ternetzi specimens, one called control group - GC, in which the animals were fed with commercial feed and the other oil - GO group that were fed with the same feed with the addition of 5% marine fish oil for a period of 12 months. The liver and gonadal tissue were collected monthly from G. ternetzi females to determine hepatosomal (IHS) and gonadosomatic indices (IGS), to quantify and determine oocyte size, to analyze the reproductive phases and to determine the profile. of fatty acids. Animal biometrics data did not differ statistically between the groups tested. The determination of fatty acids from hepatic and gonadal tissues presented constant and similar values of polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 3 family (PUFAs n3) for both groups. The gonadosomatic index (IGS) did not differ statistically between the groups, but the hepatosomatic index (IHS), in April / 2018 (GO-1.06 ± 0.25%; GC- 0.77 ± 0.17%). and October / 2018 (GO- 1.15 ± 0.29%; GC- 0.73 ± 0.28%) differed statistically (p ≥ 0.05) for GO and December / 2017 (GC- 1.30 ± 0.17%; GO-0.80 ± 0.36%) with (p ≥ 0.05) for CG. G.ternetzi remained in the spawning-fit phase, active spawning sub-phase, throughout the collection period in both groups. Regarding the stereological analysis, the GO had a significant increase (p ≥ 0.05), regarding the percentage of mature oocytes in the months of December / 2017 (GC- 3.95%; GO - 6.90%), March / 2018. (GC 4.18%; GO 6.07%) and June 2018 (GC 3.93%; GO 5.63%) and of atresic oocytes in June 2018 (GC 3.27%; GO- 4.68%). Regarding the area of final vitellogenesis oocytes (Vtg3) or mature oocytes, GO presented the largest area (p≥0.05) in March / 2018 (GC-333069.37 µm²; GO-960478.45 µm²). , June / 2018 (GC- 327197.86 µm; GO-1262535.47 µm) and October / 2018 (GC- 315383.10 µm; GO-1253784.69 µm). Therefore, it can be inferred that the supplementation of PU3s n3 in the diet of G. ternetzi led to alteration in the gonadal development of the species, especially in the final maturation of oocytes.
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Palavras-chave
Reprodução, morfologia, tetra negro, ácidos graxos essenciais, Reprouction, morphology, black tetra, essential fatty acids