Gaseificação de coque na indústria de refino do petróleo: uma análise termodinâmica e econômica.
Carregando...
Data
2019-07-31
Autores
Sato, André Kiyoshi Coutinho [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As maiores restrições ambientais impostas por autoridades de todo o mundo, no sentido de buscar a redução dos níveis de emissões de poluentes, bem como a crescente escassez de recursos minerais como o petróleo, impõe a alguns países a real necessidade de investir em novas tecnologias que melhor aproveitem os recursos disponíveis com menos agressão ao meio ambiente aliado a maior geração de receita. Nesse sentido a tecnologia IGCC – Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle é apresentada como uma possibilidade para atingir estes objetivos, inclusive para países como o Brasil que dispõe de grandes reservas petrolíferas e que tem a necessidade de aumentar a produção de insumos como hidrogênio, vapor e energia elétrica. Este trabalho apresenta uma breve revisão da bibliografia sobre o refino de petróleo, sobre a gaseificação dos resíduos provenientes do refino e sobre a tecnologia IGCC em seus aspectos gerais, abordando os principais componentes do sistema e como esta tecnologia pode ser utilizada em uma planta de refino. Na sequência, as aplicações da tecnologia IGCC são exemplificadas com três exemplos reais em funcionamento no mundo. A refinaria do vale do Paraíba é utilizada como estudo de caso para a implantação de uma planta IGCC, utilizando 100% do coque verde de petróleo produzido como matéria prima para a gaseificação, tendo como objetivo a produção exclusiva de energia elétrica para a geração de dividendos à refinaria. A análise termodinâmica da planta apresentou eficiência líquida na produção de eletricidade de 41,2% com capacidade de produção de 260 MW. A análise econômica da planta constatou um custo de investimento específico de US$ 2719,2/kW. Para o cálculo do custo de produção de energia, a análise levou em consideração os preços definidos pela ONS e comercializadas na Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica. Constatou-se que a análise de viabilidade econômica deve levar em consideração diversas premissas como cotação da matéria prima, cotação do dólar americano e preço da energia elétrica. Para o valor médio da energia comercializada na região sudeste para o período de 2017 a 2019 o sistema não é viável economicamente. A viabilidade econômica é atingida no cenário B, onde o preço da energia elétrica é de US$ 0,109/kWh. Neste caso, ainda com o coque na cotação de US$ 120/t, o empreendimento obtém ganho financeiro após 8 anos de operação.
The greater environmental restrictions imposed by authorities around the world, in the sense of seeking to reduce levels of pollutant emissions, as well as the growing scarcity of mineral resources such as oil, impose on some countries the real need to invest in new technologies that best utilize available resources with less aggression to the environment combined with greater revenue generation. In this sense the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology is presented as a possibility to achieve these objectives, including for countries such as Brazil that has large oil reserves and that has the need to increase its production of inputs such as hydrogen, steam and electricity. This paper presents a brief review of the literature on oil refining, gasification of waste from refining and IGCC technology in its general aspects, addressing the main components of the system and how this technology can be used in a refining plant. Following, the applications of the IGCC technology are exemplified with three real examples in operation in the world. The Paraíba Valley Refinery is used as a case study for the implementation of an IGCC plant, using 100% of the Petcoke produced as a raw material for gasification, with the objective of producing exclusively electric energy for generation of dividends to the refinery. The thermodynamic analysis of the plant presented net efficiency in electricity production of 41,2% with a production capacity of 260 MW. The economic analysis of the plant found a specific investment cost of US$ 2719,2/kW. For the calculation of the cost of energy production, the analysis took into account the prices defined by ONS and marketed in the Electric Energy Trading Chamber. It was verified that the economic viability analysis should take into account several assumptions such as raw material quotation, US dollar quotation and electric energy price. For the average value of energy traded in the southeast region for the period from 2017 to 2019 the system is not economically viable. Economic viability is achieved in scenario B, where the price of electricity is US$ 0,109/kWh. In this case, even with coke at US$ 120/t, the venture gets financial gain after 8 years of operation.
The greater environmental restrictions imposed by authorities around the world, in the sense of seeking to reduce levels of pollutant emissions, as well as the growing scarcity of mineral resources such as oil, impose on some countries the real need to invest in new technologies that best utilize available resources with less aggression to the environment combined with greater revenue generation. In this sense the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology is presented as a possibility to achieve these objectives, including for countries such as Brazil that has large oil reserves and that has the need to increase its production of inputs such as hydrogen, steam and electricity. This paper presents a brief review of the literature on oil refining, gasification of waste from refining and IGCC technology in its general aspects, addressing the main components of the system and how this technology can be used in a refining plant. Following, the applications of the IGCC technology are exemplified with three real examples in operation in the world. The Paraíba Valley Refinery is used as a case study for the implementation of an IGCC plant, using 100% of the Petcoke produced as a raw material for gasification, with the objective of producing exclusively electric energy for generation of dividends to the refinery. The thermodynamic analysis of the plant presented net efficiency in electricity production of 41,2% with a production capacity of 260 MW. The economic analysis of the plant found a specific investment cost of US$ 2719,2/kW. For the calculation of the cost of energy production, the analysis took into account the prices defined by ONS and marketed in the Electric Energy Trading Chamber. It was verified that the economic viability analysis should take into account several assumptions such as raw material quotation, US dollar quotation and electric energy price. For the average value of energy traded in the southeast region for the period from 2017 to 2019 the system is not economically viable. Economic viability is achieved in scenario B, where the price of electricity is US$ 0,109/kWh. In this case, even with coke at US$ 120/t, the venture gets financial gain after 8 years of operation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Petróleo - Refinação., Gaseificadores., Energia elétrica – Produção, IGCC, Gasification, Petcoke, Combined cycle