Melatonin suppression increases the incidence and progression of chemically induced oral cancer in rats
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Data
2019-08-26
Autores
Kayahara, Giseli Mitsuy [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudos sugerem que a supressão de melatonina e disfunção circadiana em trabalhadores noturnos podem estar relacionadas ao desenvolvimento e à progressão do câncer. Pesquisas têm mostrado também que a incidência tumoral pode ser aumentada pela pinealectomia. Entretanto, nenhum estudo avaliou a influência da cirurgia de pinealectomia sobre o desenvolvimento e a progressão do câncer de boca. No presente estudo, nós investigamos os efeitos da supressão de melatonina sobre a ocorrência e a progressão tumoral um modelo pré-clínico de câncer de boca induzido quimicamente. Nós demonstramos, pela primeira vez, que ratos pinealectomizados tiveram maior ocorrência de carcinoma espinocelular de boca, comparado aos animais controle. Ratos pinealectomizados também exibiram volume e espessura tumorais cerca de 3 e 2 vezes maior que animais sham, respectivamente. Além disso, pinealectomia induziu atrofia do epitélio não-tumoral adjacente às lesões bucais. Os ratos pinealectomizados apresentaram maior resposta inflamatória no front de invasão tumoral, caracterizada principalmente pelo aumento do número de eosinófilos e macrófagos associados ao tumor. Tumores de ratos submetidos à pinealectomia exibiram maior imunoexpressão de ERK1/2 e p53 no microambiente tumoral. Estes resultados revelam que a supressão de melatonina acelera o desenvolvimento e a progressão do câncer de boca associado ao aumento de eosinófilos e macrófagos no front de invasão tumoral e maior expressão de ERK1/2 e p53 no microambiente tumoral.
Studies suggest that melatonin suppression and circadian dysfunction in shift workers can be related to cancer risk. Furthermore, investigations have shown that pinealectomy promotes higher tumor incidence in rats. However, no study evaluated the influence of pinealectomy surgery on oral cancer onset and progression. In the current study, we investigated the effects of melatonin suppression on tumor occurrence and progression in a preclinical model of oral cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that pinealectomized rats had higher oral squamous cell carcinoma occurrence than sham animals. Furthermore, pinealectomized animals displayed tumor volume and thickness about 3 times and twice higher than sham-operated rats, respectively. Moreover, pinealectomy induced atrophy of non-tumor epithelium adjacent to the oral lesions. Pinealectomized rats showed higher mean number of tumor-associated macrophages and eosinophils in the carcinoma invasion front. In addition, tumors from pinealectomized rats displayed increased immunoexpression of ERK1/2 and p53 in the tumor microenvironment. These results reveal that melatonin suppression promotes higher oral cancer occurrence and progression associated with increasing of inflammatory cells and ERK1/2 and p53 expressions in the tumor microenvironment.
Studies suggest that melatonin suppression and circadian dysfunction in shift workers can be related to cancer risk. Furthermore, investigations have shown that pinealectomy promotes higher tumor incidence in rats. However, no study evaluated the influence of pinealectomy surgery on oral cancer onset and progression. In the current study, we investigated the effects of melatonin suppression on tumor occurrence and progression in a preclinical model of oral cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that pinealectomized rats had higher oral squamous cell carcinoma occurrence than sham animals. Furthermore, pinealectomized animals displayed tumor volume and thickness about 3 times and twice higher than sham-operated rats, respectively. Moreover, pinealectomy induced atrophy of non-tumor epithelium adjacent to the oral lesions. Pinealectomized rats showed higher mean number of tumor-associated macrophages and eosinophils in the carcinoma invasion front. In addition, tumors from pinealectomized rats displayed increased immunoexpression of ERK1/2 and p53 in the tumor microenvironment. These results reveal that melatonin suppression promotes higher oral cancer occurrence and progression associated with increasing of inflammatory cells and ERK1/2 and p53 expressions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Palavras-chave
Melatonina, Câncer de boca, Câncer de cabeça e pescoço, Carcinoma espinocelular, Melatonin, Mouth neoplasms, Head and neck neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous cell