Estudo de variabilidade química do óleo essencial de folhas de Casearia sylvestris Swartz
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Data
2019-09-29
Autores
Carvalho, Flavio Alexandre [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Casearia sylvestris Swartz apresenta duas variedades: var. sylvestris (típica de Mata Atlântica) e var. língua (típica do Cerrado). As ações anti-inflamatória, antiulcerogênica, antitumoral e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial (OE) das folhas foram comprovadas. A variabilidade química nas plantas é associada a fatores genéticos e ambientais, entretanto, como existem poucos estudos de variabilidade do OE da C. sylvestris, o objetivo foi avaliar o teor e composição química de ambas variedades em locais, períodos e horários diferentes, estabelecendo parâmetros botânicos, físicos e químicos do OE. Neste estudo foram realizadas análises morfoanatômicas e da composição dos solos dos espécimes coletados. O OE foi extraído por hidrodestilação das folhas frescas e folhas secas, para determinação do teor e composição (CG-EM) correlacionando com fatores edáfico-climáticos. Foram realizadas análises físicas e quimiométricas do OE. A morfologia dos troncos e folhas, estômatos e índice de paliçada diferenciaram as variedades. Os resultados da densidade, índice de refração, infravermelho e CCD foram semelhantes entre as variedades e a rotação óptica diferenciou as variedades. As folhas secas e a var. sylvestris possuem maior teor de OE, já o teor de sesquiterpenos oxigenados no OE aumentou com a secagem e extração. Foi verificada variabilidade populacional, intrapopulacional e sazonal no teor de OE. O β-elemeno, α-humuleno, germacreno D, biciclogermacreno, espatulenol, óxido de cariofileno e epóxido de humuleno II foram os componentes majoritários do OE. O teor de germacreno D, α-muurolol e α- cadinol foi maior na var. língua. A composição do OE apresentou variabilidade química populacional, sazonal e circadiana, sendo influenciada pela temperatura, pluviometria e ventos. Os parâmetros botânicos, físicos e químicos diferenciaram as variedades de C. sylvestris e foi verificada variabilidade populacional, sazonal e circadiana, com influência dos fatores edáfico-climáticos na morfologia das folhas, teor e composição do OE.
Casearia sylvestris Swartz exhibits two varieties: var. sylvestris (typical from Atlantic Fores) and var. língua (typical from Cerrado). The anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of essential oil (EO) from leaves were proven. Chemical variability in plants is associated with genetic and environmental factors, however, as there are few studies of C. sylvestris from EO variability, the aim was to evaluate chemical content and composition of both varieties in different places, periods and times, establishing botanical, physical and chemical parameters from EO. In this study, morpho-anatomical and soil analysis from collected specimens were performed. EO was extracted by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves and dry leaves to determine the content and composition (GC-MS) correlating with edaphic-climatic factors. Physical and chemometrics analysis of EO were performed. Morphology of trunk and leaves, stomata and palisade index differentiated varieties. Density, refractive index, infrared and TLC results were similar between varieties and optical rotation differentiated varieties. Dried leaves and var. sylvestris have higher EO content, whereas oxygenated sesquiterpenes content in EO increased with drying and extraction. Population, intrapopulation and seasonal variability in the EO content were verified. β-elemene, α-humulene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and. humulene epoxide II were the major components in EO. Germacrene D, α-muurolol e α-cadinol contents were higher in var. língua. Composition of EO showed chemical population, seasonal and circadian variability, being influenced by temperature, rainfall and winds. Botanical, physical and chemical parameters differentiated C. sylvestris varieties and it was verified population, seasonal and circadian variability, with the influence of edaphic-climatic factors on leaves morphology, EO content and composition.
Casearia sylvestris Swartz exhibits two varieties: var. sylvestris (typical from Atlantic Fores) and var. língua (typical from Cerrado). The anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of essential oil (EO) from leaves were proven. Chemical variability in plants is associated with genetic and environmental factors, however, as there are few studies of C. sylvestris from EO variability, the aim was to evaluate chemical content and composition of both varieties in different places, periods and times, establishing botanical, physical and chemical parameters from EO. In this study, morpho-anatomical and soil analysis from collected specimens were performed. EO was extracted by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves and dry leaves to determine the content and composition (GC-MS) correlating with edaphic-climatic factors. Physical and chemometrics analysis of EO were performed. Morphology of trunk and leaves, stomata and palisade index differentiated varieties. Density, refractive index, infrared and TLC results were similar between varieties and optical rotation differentiated varieties. Dried leaves and var. sylvestris have higher EO content, whereas oxygenated sesquiterpenes content in EO increased with drying and extraction. Population, intrapopulation and seasonal variability in the EO content were verified. β-elemene, α-humulene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and. humulene epoxide II were the major components in EO. Germacrene D, α-muurolol e α-cadinol contents were higher in var. língua. Composition of EO showed chemical population, seasonal and circadian variability, being influenced by temperature, rainfall and winds. Botanical, physical and chemical parameters differentiated C. sylvestris varieties and it was verified population, seasonal and circadian variability, with the influence of edaphic-climatic factors on leaves morphology, EO content and composition.
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Palavras-chave
Casearia sylvestris var. sylvestris, Casearia sylvestris var. lingua, variabilidade química, óleo essencial, análise de componente principal