Neoliberalismo e política de saúde na cidade de Marília-SP de 2005 a 2016
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Data
2019-10-04
Autores
Pereira, Ana Carolina do Carmo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Constituição Federal de 1988 inaugurou o período ‘democrático’ mais recente da história do Brasil. Nela foram contemplados os direitos sociais frutos das reivindicações dos movimentos sociais que estiveram em luta organizada – armada ou não – durante o período da ditadura militar (1964-85). Dentre eles, o direito à saúde, através da criação do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. No entanto, com a crise do Estado de Bem-Estar nos países centrais, a derrocada da URSS – simbolicamente representada pela queda do Muro de Berlim – e a crise do modelo desenvolvimentista vigente na América Latina até a década de 70, tomou força a ideologia neoliberal. Assim, a última década do século XX foi marcada pelo estabelecimento políticas públicas conforme essa doutrina no Brasil, o que causou efeitos negativos às políticas sociais, já que a ideologia neoliberal refuta energicamente a ação do Estado enquanto produtor de bens e serviços. Assim, seguiu-se um quadro de decomposição dos serviços de saúde graças às políticas de redução de gastos empreendidas pelos governos neoliberais. O presente trabalho tem o intuito de analisar a medida desses efeitos e o caráter dessa política neoliberal através da investigação de um caso específico que é a cidade de Marília-SP.
The Federal Constitution of 1988 started de “democratic” period of Brazil's recent history. It contains social rights that are the outcome of claims of the social movements that were in organized struggle – armed or not – during the military dictatorship period (1964-85). Among them, the right to Health, through the creation of the “Unified Health System” (SUS, in the Brazilian abbreviation). However, with the crisis of the Social Welfare in the developed countries, the downfall of URSS – the fall of the Berlin Wall being its symbolical representation – and the crisis in the developmental model present in Latin America until the 1970s, the neo-liberalist ideology gained strength. Thus, the last decade of the 20th century was marked by the establishment of public policies that followed this doctrine, which came with negative social effects, since it is against the action of State as supplier of goods and services. A picture of decomposition of health services succeeded the policies of cost saving implemented by the neoliberals. The present work aims to examine the proportions of these effects and the issues of these policies through the investigation of a specific case: the city of Marília, SP.
The Federal Constitution of 1988 started de “democratic” period of Brazil's recent history. It contains social rights that are the outcome of claims of the social movements that were in organized struggle – armed or not – during the military dictatorship period (1964-85). Among them, the right to Health, through the creation of the “Unified Health System” (SUS, in the Brazilian abbreviation). However, with the crisis of the Social Welfare in the developed countries, the downfall of URSS – the fall of the Berlin Wall being its symbolical representation – and the crisis in the developmental model present in Latin America until the 1970s, the neo-liberalist ideology gained strength. Thus, the last decade of the 20th century was marked by the establishment of public policies that followed this doctrine, which came with negative social effects, since it is against the action of State as supplier of goods and services. A picture of decomposition of health services succeeded the policies of cost saving implemented by the neoliberals. The present work aims to examine the proportions of these effects and the issues of these policies through the investigation of a specific case: the city of Marília, SP.
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Neoliberalismo, Políticas sociais, Políticas de saúde, SUS, Marília-SP, Neoliberalism, Public policies, Health policies