Caracterização de Phaeomoniella chlamydospora de videiras do Brasil
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Data
2019-05-29
Autores
Marraschi, Renata
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora é considerado o fungo mais agressivo do complexo de patógenos, responsáveis por causar a doença de Petri em videira. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar patologicamente, morfoculturalmente e molecularmente, uma população com 57 isolados de P. chlamydospora, oriundos de videiras de sete estados brasileiros. Todos os isolados foram molecularmente identificados como pertencentes à espécie P. chlamydospora, através da amplificação da região ITS e de partes do gene da beta tubulina (β Tubulin). Essa espécie já foi descrita ocorrendo nos estados de São Paulo, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Sul. O presente estudo relata pela primeira vez a ocorrência deste fungo em videiras nos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso. Posterior aos estudos moleculares, realizaram-se os seguintes ensaios: caracterização cultural dos isolados em meio de cultura BDA (batata dextrose ágar) e MEA (extrato de malte); caracterização morfológica de conídios, conidióforos e clamidósporos em meio de cultura MEA e SNA (sintético nutriente ágar); crescimento dos isolados em temperaturas de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC por 42 dias em meio BDA; e teste de patogenicidade em videiras ‘Niágara Rosada’ (incidência e agressividade). A análise de cultura identificou quatro características de colônia. Dessas, a mais comumente observada dentre os estados foi com o centro verde oliváceo com reentranças, e as bordas brancas de aspecto cremoso. A caracterização morfológica mostrou diferença significativa no crescimento das estruturas, quando crescidas em meio de cultura diferente, apontando maior desenvolvimento em meio de cultura MEA, quando avaliados os conídios e clamidósporos; e com maior crescimento no meio SNA, quando comparados os conidióforos. A faixa de temperatura ideal para o desenvolvimento do patógeno está entre 20 a 25ºC, enquanto que a temperatura de 5ºC mostrou crescimento totalmente nulo. Ao expor os isolados mantidos em 5ºC à temperatura de 25ºC por 42 dias, estes apresentaram crescimento mais significativo comparado aos crescidos direto à temperatura de 25ºC (efeito fungistático). Todos os isolados foram patogênicos para a videira ‘Niágara Rosada’. Os isolados apresentaram reisolamento e agressividade diferentes. Agrupando os isolados por estado, observou-se diferença apenas no reisolamento, destacando-se os isolados de Pernambuco. Apesar de diferenças culturais e morfológicas entre isolados, conclui-se que a população brasileira de P. chlamydospora apresenta baixa variabilidade genética. As suas características morfoculturais encontram-se dentro de padrões já descritos no mundo.
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is considered the most aggressive of the pathogen complex responsible for causing a Petri disease in vines. The goal of this work was to illustrate, morphologically and molecularly, a population with 57 isolates of Phaeomoniella from vines of seven Brazilian states. All the isolates were identified as belonging to the P. chlamydosphora species through the amplification of its area and parts of beta tubulina gene (β Tubulin). This series has already been carried out in the states of São Paulo, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul. This was first reported in Paraná, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso. Later studies in the behavior of PDA (potato dextrose agar) and MEA (malt extract); morphological characterization of conidia, conidiophores and chlamydospores in the MEA and SNA culture medium (synthetic nutrient agar); growth of the substrates at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ° C for 42 days in PDA medium; and pathogenicity test on Niagara Rosada vines (incidence and aggressiveness). A culture analysis identified 4 colony characteristics. Among these, the most commonly included in the states was with the green olive center with reentrances, and as white edges of creamy aspect. The morphological featuring was different in growth of structures when grown in medium culture, while the greater development in MEA medium culture when the conidia and chlamydospores were evaluated; and with higher growth in medium SNA when compared to the conidiophores. The ideal temperature range for the development of the pathogen is between 20 to 25ºC, while the temperature of 5ºC. By exposing the isolates kept from 5 ° C to 25 ° C for 42 days, they presented a more significant growth compared to those grown directly at 25 ° C (fungistatic effect). All the isolates were pathogenic to the 'Niagara Rosada' vine. The isolates showed different reisolation and aggressiveness. Putting the isolates together by state, a difference was noticed only in the reisolation, standing out the isolates of Pernambuco. Despite the cultural and morfological difference between the isolates, the conclusion is a Brazilian population of P. chlamydospora presents low genetic variability. Its morpho-cultural characteristics are within the standards already described in the world.
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is considered the most aggressive of the pathogen complex responsible for causing a Petri disease in vines. The goal of this work was to illustrate, morphologically and molecularly, a population with 57 isolates of Phaeomoniella from vines of seven Brazilian states. All the isolates were identified as belonging to the P. chlamydosphora species through the amplification of its area and parts of beta tubulina gene (β Tubulin). This series has already been carried out in the states of São Paulo, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul. This was first reported in Paraná, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso. Later studies in the behavior of PDA (potato dextrose agar) and MEA (malt extract); morphological characterization of conidia, conidiophores and chlamydospores in the MEA and SNA culture medium (synthetic nutrient agar); growth of the substrates at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ° C for 42 days in PDA medium; and pathogenicity test on Niagara Rosada vines (incidence and aggressiveness). A culture analysis identified 4 colony characteristics. Among these, the most commonly included in the states was with the green olive center with reentrances, and as white edges of creamy aspect. The morphological featuring was different in growth of structures when grown in medium culture, while the greater development in MEA medium culture when the conidia and chlamydospores were evaluated; and with higher growth in medium SNA when compared to the conidiophores. The ideal temperature range for the development of the pathogen is between 20 to 25ºC, while the temperature of 5ºC. By exposing the isolates kept from 5 ° C to 25 ° C for 42 days, they presented a more significant growth compared to those grown directly at 25 ° C (fungistatic effect). All the isolates were pathogenic to the 'Niagara Rosada' vine. The isolates showed different reisolation and aggressiveness. Putting the isolates together by state, a difference was noticed only in the reisolation, standing out the isolates of Pernambuco. Despite the cultural and morfological difference between the isolates, the conclusion is a Brazilian population of P. chlamydospora presents low genetic variability. Its morpho-cultural characteristics are within the standards already described in the world.
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Palavras-chave
Doenças de tronco, Parreiras, Variabilidade, Controle, Trunk diseases, Grapevine, Variability, Control