Equipamento de ordenha, manejo e fatores de risco para patologias não infecciosas das tetas de vacas leiteiras
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Data
2019-09-27
Autores
Gouvêa, Fábio Lucas Rezende de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever características do equipamento e manejo de ordenha, características morfológicas das tetas, prevalência de patologias não infecciosas, e identificar fatores de risco para tais patologias. Quarenta rebanhos foram visitados para realização de levantamento de dados produtivos e de manejo, avaliação estática do equipamento de ordenha, avaliação dinâmica de parâmetros de vácuo coletados no conjunto de ordenha e dos procedimentos adotados pelos colaboradores. Houve grande heterogeneidade nas dimensões das tetas avaliadas. A prevalência de edema, anel de base, cianose, hemorragia petequial e hiperqueratose grave foi 7,81%, 45,47%, 14,69%, 0,63% e 11,88%, respectivamente. Formato e posição da teta foram associados à observação de hiperqueratose. Paridade, extração automática do conjunto, nível de vácuo e duração da fase B do ciclo de pulsação foram associados à prevalência de edema. Paridade, formato da teta e tempo de ordenha foram associadas à prevalência de anel de base. Fluxo de leite bimodal, extração automática, condição da teteira, sobreordenha, nível de vácuo na cabeça da teteira e comprimento da fase B foram associados à prevalência de cianose. Práticas indesejáveis, tais como uso de teteiras desgastadas, falta de manutenção do equipamento, ausência de extração automática, longo tempo de ordenha e sobreordenha e rotina de trabalho sequencial foram mais frequentemente observadas em rebanhos com até 50 vacas, destacando dificuldades técnicas e estruturais enfrentadas pelos pequenos produtores. Os resultados desse estudo contribuem para melhoria da saúde e bem-estar animal, e para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e privadas de melhoria da produção leiteira.
The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of milking equipment and management, teat morphological characteristics, prevalence of noninfectious pathologies, and to identify risk factors for such pathologies. Forty herds were visited to collect production and management data, evaluation of the milking equipment, dynamic evaluation of vacuum parameters collected from the milking cluster, and milking procedures adopted on the farms. There was great heterogeneity in teat dimensions. The prevalence of edema, ring at the teat base, cyanosis, petechial hemorrhage, and severe hyperkeratosis was 7.81%, 45.47%, 14.69%, 0.63%, and 11.88%, respectively. Teat shape and position were associated with teat-end hyperkeratosis. Parity, automatic extraction of clusters, vacuum level, and length of the pulsation cycle´s B phase were associated with prevalence of edema. Parity, teat shape and milking duration were associated with prevalence of ring at the teat base. Bimodal milk flow, automatic extraction, liner condition, overmilking, vacuum at the mouthpiece chamber, and phase B´s length were associated with prevalence of cyanosis. Undesirable practices, such as the use of worn liners, lack of equipment maintenance, lack of automatic extraction, long milking and overmilking times, and sequential working routine were most often observed in small herds (< 50 cows), highlighting technical and structural difficulties faced by producers. Results of this study contribute to improvement of animal health and welfare, and to development of public and private policies to improve dairy production.
The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of milking equipment and management, teat morphological characteristics, prevalence of noninfectious pathologies, and to identify risk factors for such pathologies. Forty herds were visited to collect production and management data, evaluation of the milking equipment, dynamic evaluation of vacuum parameters collected from the milking cluster, and milking procedures adopted on the farms. There was great heterogeneity in teat dimensions. The prevalence of edema, ring at the teat base, cyanosis, petechial hemorrhage, and severe hyperkeratosis was 7.81%, 45.47%, 14.69%, 0.63%, and 11.88%, respectively. Teat shape and position were associated with teat-end hyperkeratosis. Parity, automatic extraction of clusters, vacuum level, and length of the pulsation cycle´s B phase were associated with prevalence of edema. Parity, teat shape and milking duration were associated with prevalence of ring at the teat base. Bimodal milk flow, automatic extraction, liner condition, overmilking, vacuum at the mouthpiece chamber, and phase B´s length were associated with prevalence of cyanosis. Undesirable practices, such as the use of worn liners, lack of equipment maintenance, lack of automatic extraction, long milking and overmilking times, and sequential working routine were most often observed in small herds (< 50 cows), highlighting technical and structural difficulties faced by producers. Results of this study contribute to improvement of animal health and welfare, and to development of public and private policies to improve dairy production.
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produção de leite, qualidade do leite, equipamento de ordenha, vácuo, tetas, milk production, milk quality, milking equipment, vacuum, teats