Análise do(s) crime(s) de corrupção no âmbito privado à luz do sistema integral de direito penal
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Data
2019-09-12
Autores
Borges, Thaís Regina Santos Saad
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando que o delito de corrupção é favorecido pelo mundo globalizado, em que as atividades econômicas encontram-se interligadas numa rede de interdependência dos mercados, gerando uma maior complexidade da sociedade e consequente relativização de valores, das regras morais e jurídicas, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise do problema pela ótica do Sistema Integral de Direito Penal, considerando-se o entendimento de que apenas nessa perspectiva mais abrangente será possível uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno frente à mencionada complexidade. Registre-se, inicialmente, a hipótese de que se trata de uma manifestação do fenômeno delitivo, que possui raízes em uma perspectiva criminológica a qual passou a enfatizar a relevância penal também de alguns fatos realizados por determinados sujeitos de elevado status social (powerfull), com destaque para certas práticas no mundo dos negócios. Considerando-se a elevada danosidade social destas práticas e a complexidade operativa da sua execução, com alcance muitas vezes multinacional, será avaliada a opção, já efetivada, de criação de uma política criminal internacional sobre o problema, por meio de documentos de alcance transnacional, que expressem valores comuns neste contexto mais amplo, sob pena de atos de deslealdade concorrencial serem severamente punidos em um determinado país e, simplesmente, não configurarem crime em outros, desequilibrando as relações econômicas estabelecidas na esfera transnacional, pela desproporção dos encargos jurídicos que permeiam tais relações. Sob essa ótica, a pesquisa parte de uma análise dos documentos internacionais que preveem a criminalização de condutas relacionadas à corrupção no ambiente privado. Com base nas considerações anteriores, intenta-se, desde uma perspectiva crítica, verificar a regulamentação penal já existente no Ordenamento Jurídico brasileiro que pode ser aplicada a essa modalidade de crimes, e eventual necessidade e legitimidade de alterações legislativas visando adequar a legislação nacional à política criminal internacional, objetivando eventual alinhamento em relação a outros ordenamentos jurídicos.
Considering that the crime of corruption is fomented by the globalized world, in which economic activities are interconnected in a network of interdependence of the markets, generating a greater complexity of society and consequent relativization of values, of moral and juridical rules, the present article has as an objective to carry out an analysis of the problem from the perspective of the Comprehensive Criminal Law System, considering the understanding that only in this more comprehensive perspective will a better understanding of the phenomenon be possible in the face of this complexity. The hypothesis is initially that this is a manifestation of the delirium phenomenon that has roots in a criminological perspective that began to emphasize the criminal relevance also of some facts carried out by certain subjects of high social status (powerfull) for certain practices in the business world. Considering the high social damage of these practices and the operational complexity of their execution, which is often multinational in scope, the option of creating an international criminal policy on the problem will be evaluated through documents of transnational scope, common values in this broader context, under penalty of acts of competitive disloyalty being severely punished in one country, and simply not setting up crime in others, unbalancing the economic relations established in the transnational sphere, by the disproportion of the legal burdens that permeate such relations. From this perspective, the research starts from an analysis of the international documents that foresee the criminalization of conduct related to corruption in the private environment. Based on the previous analyzes, it is attempted, from a critical perspective, to verify the penal regulation already existing in the Brazilian Legal Order that can be applied to this modality of crimes, and the possible necessity and legitimacy of legislative changes aiming to adapt the national legislation to the policy international criminal law and possible alignment with other legal systems.
Considering that the crime of corruption is fomented by the globalized world, in which economic activities are interconnected in a network of interdependence of the markets, generating a greater complexity of society and consequent relativization of values, of moral and juridical rules, the present article has as an objective to carry out an analysis of the problem from the perspective of the Comprehensive Criminal Law System, considering the understanding that only in this more comprehensive perspective will a better understanding of the phenomenon be possible in the face of this complexity. The hypothesis is initially that this is a manifestation of the delirium phenomenon that has roots in a criminological perspective that began to emphasize the criminal relevance also of some facts carried out by certain subjects of high social status (powerfull) for certain practices in the business world. Considering the high social damage of these practices and the operational complexity of their execution, which is often multinational in scope, the option of creating an international criminal policy on the problem will be evaluated through documents of transnational scope, common values in this broader context, under penalty of acts of competitive disloyalty being severely punished in one country, and simply not setting up crime in others, unbalancing the economic relations established in the transnational sphere, by the disproportion of the legal burdens that permeate such relations. From this perspective, the research starts from an analysis of the international documents that foresee the criminalization of conduct related to corruption in the private environment. Based on the previous analyzes, it is attempted, from a critical perspective, to verify the penal regulation already existing in the Brazilian Legal Order that can be applied to this modality of crimes, and the possible necessity and legitimacy of legislative changes aiming to adapt the national legislation to the policy international criminal law and possible alignment with other legal systems.
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Palavras-chave
Criminalidade econômica, Bem jurídico, Concorrência justa e leal, Corrupção, Corrupção entre particulares, Economic crime, Corruption, Corruption between individuals, Legal good, Fair and fair competition