Identificação de áreas para conservação do solo e da água na Área de Proteção Ambiental do rio Uberaba com geoprocessamento
Carregando...
Data
2019-11-08
Autores
Siqueira, Hygor Evangelista [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As Unidades de Conservação é um instrumento da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente que determinou a criação de espaços para que sejam utilizados como proteção e garantia do equilíbrio ecossistêmico no território brasileiro. A Área de Proteção Ambiental do rio Uberaba (APA) é uma Unidade de Conservação criada com o objetivo de garantir a qualidade das águas do rio Uberaba, sendo este, o manancial de abastecimento público da cidade de Uberaba - MG. É caracterizada como uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, e algumas atividades altamente impactantes vêm sendo realizadas na sua área, com isso, causando diversas alterações no meio, tais como erosão, eutrofização de cursos d’água e alterações na qualidade e quantidade de água. Objetivou-se nesta proposta identificar as áreas prioritárias para conservação do solo e da água na Área de Proteção Ambiental do rio Uberaba utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. As áreas foram definidas a partir da estimativa de perdas de solos pela Equação Universal de Perda de Solo e dos usos e ocupação dos solos nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente. O modelado do relevo fora mapeado em 5 unidades: Dissecado Homogêneo de Topo Tabular – Dt (42,39%); Dissecado Homogêneo de Topo Convexo – Dtc (24,78%); Rampa de Colúvio– Arc (17,21%); Pediplano Degradado Inumado ‒ Pgi (11,45%); e o Dissecado Estrutural de Topo Convexo – DE (4,17%) da APA. O Potencial Nacional de Erosão (PNE) apresentou valores baixos(<100 t ha-1 ano-1 ) em 41,99% da APA, médios (100-200 t ha-1 ano-1 ) em 25,64% e os valores altos (200-600 t ha-1 ano-1 ), muito alto (600 -1000 t ha-1 ano-1 ) e extremamente alto (>1000 t ha-1 ano-1 ) apresentou 22,43%, 7,81% e 2,13% respectivamente. As áreas prioritárias para a conservação do solo e da água quanto as Áreas de Preservação Permanente ocupam 1398,74 hectares. As áreas com perdas superiores a tolerância totalizam 18.116,94 hectares da APA do rio Uberaba, sendo estas com maiores estimativas de perdas de solo. O uso de técnicas de Geoprocessamento a partir do emprego do sistema de informação geográfica e da utilização da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo possibilitou identificar espacialmente os locais onde ocorrem os maiores e menores potenciais riscos de erosão e ainda permitiu estimar as taxas de perda de solo ao longo da APA do rio Uberaba. Palavras-chave: Erosão Hídrica, SIG, USLE, Unidades de Conservação
The Conservation Units is an instrument of the National Environmental Policy that determined the creation of spaces to be used as protection and guarantee of the ecosystem balance in the Brazilian territory. The Uberaba River Environmental Protection Area (EPA) is a Conservation Unit created with the objective of guaranteeing the quality of the waters of the Uberaba River, which is the source of public supply of the city of Uberaba - MG. It is characterized as a sustainable use conservation unit, and some highly impacting activities have been carried out in its area, causing several changes in the environment, such as erosion, eutrophication of watercourses and changes in water quality and quantity. The objective of this proposal was to identify priority areas for soil and water conservation in the Uberaba River Environmental Protection Area using geoprocessing techniques. Areas were defined by estimating soil losses by the Universal Equation of Soil Loss and land use and occupation in Permanent Preservation Areas. The relief models were mapped in 5 units: Homogeneous Dissected Tabular Top - Dt (42.39%); Top Convex Homogeneous Dissected - Dtc (24.78%); Coluvium Ramp - Arc (17.21%); Degraded Pediplane - Pgi (11.45%); and the EPA Convex Top - Structural Dissection (4.17%). The Natural Erosion Potential presented low values (<100 t ha-1 year-1 ) in 41.99% of the APA, average values (100-200 t ha-1 year-1 ) in 25.64% and the high values (200-600 t ha-1 year-1 ), very high (600 -1000 t ha-1 year-1 ) and extremely high (> 1000 t ha-1 year-1 ) presented 22.43%, 7.81% and 2,13% respectively. Priority areas for soil and water conservation in relation to Permanent Preservation Areas, occupy 1398.74 hectares. Areas with losses above tolerance occupy total area 18116.94 hectares of the Uberaba River EPA, which have the highest estimates of soil loss. The use of geoprocessing techniques from the use of the geographic information system and the use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation made it possible to spatially identify the places where the highest and lowest potential erosion risks occur and to estimate soil loss rates along the Uberaba River EPA. Keywords: water erosion, GIS, USLE, Conservation Units
The Conservation Units is an instrument of the National Environmental Policy that determined the creation of spaces to be used as protection and guarantee of the ecosystem balance in the Brazilian territory. The Uberaba River Environmental Protection Area (EPA) is a Conservation Unit created with the objective of guaranteeing the quality of the waters of the Uberaba River, which is the source of public supply of the city of Uberaba - MG. It is characterized as a sustainable use conservation unit, and some highly impacting activities have been carried out in its area, causing several changes in the environment, such as erosion, eutrophication of watercourses and changes in water quality and quantity. The objective of this proposal was to identify priority areas for soil and water conservation in the Uberaba River Environmental Protection Area using geoprocessing techniques. Areas were defined by estimating soil losses by the Universal Equation of Soil Loss and land use and occupation in Permanent Preservation Areas. The relief models were mapped in 5 units: Homogeneous Dissected Tabular Top - Dt (42.39%); Top Convex Homogeneous Dissected - Dtc (24.78%); Coluvium Ramp - Arc (17.21%); Degraded Pediplane - Pgi (11.45%); and the EPA Convex Top - Structural Dissection (4.17%). The Natural Erosion Potential presented low values (<100 t ha-1 year-1 ) in 41.99% of the APA, average values (100-200 t ha-1 year-1 ) in 25.64% and the high values (200-600 t ha-1 year-1 ), very high (600 -1000 t ha-1 year-1 ) and extremely high (> 1000 t ha-1 year-1 ) presented 22.43%, 7.81% and 2,13% respectively. Priority areas for soil and water conservation in relation to Permanent Preservation Areas, occupy 1398.74 hectares. Areas with losses above tolerance occupy total area 18116.94 hectares of the Uberaba River EPA, which have the highest estimates of soil loss. The use of geoprocessing techniques from the use of the geographic information system and the use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation made it possible to spatially identify the places where the highest and lowest potential erosion risks occur and to estimate soil loss rates along the Uberaba River EPA. Keywords: water erosion, GIS, USLE, Conservation Units
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistema de informação geográfica, Erosão, Equação universal de perda de solo, Conservation Units, Water erosion, USLE