Norma e transgressão: mulheres livres, libertas e escravas e os crimes sexuais no oitocentos (São Paulo 1830-1888)
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Data
2019-10-30
Autores
Soares, Bruno Henrique
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho analisa a relação entre as tradições legislativas, primeiro lusa e depois brasileira, a respeito dos crimes de estupro e de rapto e os casos registrados, julgados e punidos, ou não, na cidade de São Paulo na vigência do Código Criminal do Império do Brasil. Primeiro código criminal do Brasil independente, elaborado com o objetivo de superar a legislação criminal herdada da antiga metrópole lusa, considerada pelos oitocentistas como inaplicável à nova realidade nacional, o Código guardou, contudo, continuidades e rupturas com a tradição portuguesa sobre o estupro e o rapto. Mudanças nas concepções sobre os crimes, as penas, as vítimas e os criminosos foram realizadas. Com a promulgação do Código do Processo Criminal, em 1832, emergiram novos procedimentos validadores da averiguação dos crimes e do julgamento do criminosos. A defesa da honra e a diferenciação moral entre as potenciais vítimas, entretanto, continuaram a guiar a legislação, ao passo que uma ampliação na compreensão do conceito de violência foi realizada, passando a considerar também as ameaças e o terror sofrido pela vítima como elementos que agravavam a culpa dos acusados. Apesar da nova legislação e da ampliação do sistema judiciário, as fontes policiais e judiciárias indicam que esses delitos, cuja ocorrência era considerada recorrente pelos contemporâneos, continuaram a ser alvo de pouca judicialização. Em observância às legislações principais e a alguns decretos complementares, os poucos casos reportados e julgados na cidade de São Paulo no Oitocentos sugerem níveis de preocupação e expedição de diligências de peritos e autoridades policiais e judiciais na averiguação dos delitos, flexibilidades e irregularidades na montagem das peças que compuseram os processos-crime, diferentes motivações alegadas para a prática dos delitos, mudanças de percepção quanto à violência, quanto à estima da honra, quanto às diferentes posturas pessoais dos envolvidos e da própria sociedade diante dos relatos de réus, vítimas e testemunhas, assim como das estratégias da defesa e da acusação.
The present work analyses the relationship amongst the legislative traditions, firstly portuguese and then brazilian at a later moment, regarding rape and abduction offenses and the registered cases, judged and convicterd, or not, in the city of São Paulo in force of the Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil. First criminal code of Independent Brazil, elaborated with the objective of superseding the criminal legislation inherited from the old mainland, considered by the nineteenth century thinkers to be inapplicable to the new national reality, the new Code has kept, however, continuities and ruptures with the Portuguese tradition about rape and abduction. Modification in the wordings, penalties and the possible victims and perpetrators were made. With the promulgation of the Criminal Procedure Code, in 1832, new validating procedures in the investigation and prosecution of criminals emerged. However, the defense of honor and moral differentiation between potential victims kept on guiding the legislation, while the concept of violence was enlarged, also taking into consideration threats and horror suffered by the victim as aggravating elements of culpability to the accused. Despite the new legislation and the expansion of the judiciary, police and judicial sources indicate that these offenses, which occurrence was deemed common by contemporaries, continued to be the subject of little judicialization. In compliance with the main legislations and some complementary decrees, the few reported and prosecuted cases in the nineteenth century city of São Paulo suggest levels of concern and expediting expert diligences and police and judicial authorities in the investigation of crimes, flexibilities and irregularities in assembling the pieces that made up the criminal proceedings, different alleged motivations for offenses, perception changes concerning violence, concerning esteem of honor, concerning different personal stances and of society itself in face the defendant, victims and witnesses reports,as well as defense and prosecution strategies.
The present work analyses the relationship amongst the legislative traditions, firstly portuguese and then brazilian at a later moment, regarding rape and abduction offenses and the registered cases, judged and convicterd, or not, in the city of São Paulo in force of the Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil. First criminal code of Independent Brazil, elaborated with the objective of superseding the criminal legislation inherited from the old mainland, considered by the nineteenth century thinkers to be inapplicable to the new national reality, the new Code has kept, however, continuities and ruptures with the Portuguese tradition about rape and abduction. Modification in the wordings, penalties and the possible victims and perpetrators were made. With the promulgation of the Criminal Procedure Code, in 1832, new validating procedures in the investigation and prosecution of criminals emerged. However, the defense of honor and moral differentiation between potential victims kept on guiding the legislation, while the concept of violence was enlarged, also taking into consideration threats and horror suffered by the victim as aggravating elements of culpability to the accused. Despite the new legislation and the expansion of the judiciary, police and judicial sources indicate that these offenses, which occurrence was deemed common by contemporaries, continued to be the subject of little judicialization. In compliance with the main legislations and some complementary decrees, the few reported and prosecuted cases in the nineteenth century city of São Paulo suggest levels of concern and expediting expert diligences and police and judicial authorities in the investigation of crimes, flexibilities and irregularities in assembling the pieces that made up the criminal proceedings, different alleged motivations for offenses, perception changes concerning violence, concerning esteem of honor, concerning different personal stances and of society itself in face the defendant, victims and witnesses reports,as well as defense and prosecution strategies.
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Palavras-chave
Estupro, Rapto, Legislação, Delito, Rape, Abduction, Legislation, Offense