A biopolítica no "século" do cérebro: educação, aprimoramento cognitivo e produção de capital humano
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Data
2019-08-23
Autores
Silva, Adilson Luiz da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho é de natureza teórica e busca analisar, filiando-se a uma perspectiva foucaultiana, alguns desdobramentos do biopoder no “século” do cérebro. Com os avanços das neurociências, principalmente a partir de 1990, fortaleceu-se um discurso acadêmico e laboratorial apregoando a equivalência entre o cérebro e o indivíduo e, com o passar do tempo, em virtude das mídias, da preocupação com o sofrimento psíquico e a saúde mental, entre outros – e ultrapassando seu espaço originalmente especializado –, esse discurso acabou por popularizar-se. Hoje o cérebro tornou-se uma espécie de “ator social”, um ponto de referência para os processos de subjetivação e condução da vida, seu funcionamento é correlacionado a praticamente todos os aspectos humanos: moral, inteligência, humor, desempenho, eficiência, educação, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar a inserção desse órgão na moderna lógica do homo oeconomicus e, paralelamente, sinalizar para o fato de que o governo atual da vida está exigindo o seu mapeamento e manipulação. Ao se apropriar de noções das neurociências cognitivas, como plasticidade e neuroquímica, a biopolítica contemporânea e seu ideal de aperfeiçoamento do indivíduo-empresa, amplamente divulgado pela racionalidade neoliberal, encontra no cérebro um dispositivo de modelagem subjetiva e, fundamentando-se nele, desenvolve tecnologias de gestão do self. Entre essas tecnologias destacamos o neuroaprimoramento farmacológico, a neuroascese e a neuroeducação, defendendo a tese de que o projeto contemporâneo de governamentalidade da vida ganhou contornos demasiadamente sutis, sendo realizado por meio da gestão dos fenômenos mentais, entendidos agora como o resultado de processos neurais. Governar ou resistir passa pelo registro do cérebro – seja no trabalho, nos lares ou na escola, os indivíduos são, agora, sujeitos cerebrais.
The present work consists of a theoretical nature and seeks to present, allying itself to a Foucalt’s perspective, some development of the biopower in the brain century. With the advance of the neuroscience, mainly since 1990, an academic and laboratorial speech strengthened to proclaim the equivalence between the brain and the individual and, as time passes, due to the media, the concern with the psychological suffering and mental health and so on – and exceeding its space originally specialized – this speech became popular. Today the brain became a sort of “social actor”, as a reference to subjectivation processes and life conduction, its performance is correlated to almost all humans’ aspects: moral, intelligence, humor, performance, efficiency, education, etc. The main goal of this work was to show the inception of this organ in the homo oeconomicus modern logic and, alongside, point out to the fact that the current management of life is demanding its mapping and handling. Overtaking the neuroscience cognitive notions, such as plasticity and neurochemistry, the contemporary biopolitics and its improvement ideal of the individual-enterprise, widely spread by the neoliberal rationality, it finds in the brain a subjective framing device and, bases itself in it, develops technologies of self-management. Among this technologies drugs neuroimprovement, neuroascesis and neuroeducation stand out, it supports the theses that the contemporary project of life’s neuromanagement got quite subtle outlines, it is done by management of mental phenomena, understood currently as a result of neural processes. Managing or resisting goes through the brain registry – either at work or at home or at school, the individuals are subjectivated now by the brain’s structure.
The present work consists of a theoretical nature and seeks to present, allying itself to a Foucalt’s perspective, some development of the biopower in the brain century. With the advance of the neuroscience, mainly since 1990, an academic and laboratorial speech strengthened to proclaim the equivalence between the brain and the individual and, as time passes, due to the media, the concern with the psychological suffering and mental health and so on – and exceeding its space originally specialized – this speech became popular. Today the brain became a sort of “social actor”, as a reference to subjectivation processes and life conduction, its performance is correlated to almost all humans’ aspects: moral, intelligence, humor, performance, efficiency, education, etc. The main goal of this work was to show the inception of this organ in the homo oeconomicus modern logic and, alongside, point out to the fact that the current management of life is demanding its mapping and handling. Overtaking the neuroscience cognitive notions, such as plasticity and neurochemistry, the contemporary biopolitics and its improvement ideal of the individual-enterprise, widely spread by the neoliberal rationality, it finds in the brain a subjective framing device and, bases itself in it, develops technologies of self-management. Among this technologies drugs neuroimprovement, neuroascesis and neuroeducation stand out, it supports the theses that the contemporary project of life’s neuromanagement got quite subtle outlines, it is done by management of mental phenomena, understood currently as a result of neural processes. Managing or resisting goes through the brain registry – either at work or at home or at school, the individuals are subjectivated now by the brain’s structure.
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Palavras-chave
Biopolítica, Capital humano, Cérebro, Neuroeducação, Biopolitics, Human capital, Brain, Neuroeducation