Extração automática de contornos de telhados de edifício no espaço-objeto integrando um estéreo par de imagens aéreas de alta resolução e modelos 3D de telhado
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Data
2019-08-26
Autores
Ywata, Michelle Sayuri Yano
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho foi proposta uma metodologia para a extração de contornos de telhados de edifícios no espaço-objeto, a partir da integração de um estéreo par de imagens aéreas de alta resolução e modelos 3D aproximados de telhado obtidos a partir de dados de varredura a LASER. Um modelo matemático considerando as propriedades radiométricas e geométricas dos telhados foi formulado a fim de representar o contorno do telhado no espaçoimagem, tendo como base o modelo de contorno ativo Snake. Esse modelo foi então adaptado para descrever os contornos no espaço-objeto considerando um estéreo par de imagens aéreas. Finalmente, o polígono ótimo que representa um dado contorno do telhado foi determinado a partir da otimização, via Programação Dinâmica, da função de energia criada. A solução obtida é uma representação mais acurada para o correspondente contorno do modelo 3D do telhado. O método desenvolvido apresenta também mecanismos para realizar a compensação automática de três tipos de problemas comuns em ambientes urbanos e que podem prejudicar a extração automática de telhados: obstruções perspectivas causadas por edifícios elevados, obstruções diretas causadas por vegetação que se eleva acima do telhado e sombras adjacentes aos telhados, as quais podem ser confundidas com as bordas do telhado. Os experimentos foram realizados utilizando imagens aéreas com GSD ≈ 0,10 m e nuvem de pontos LASER com densidade média de 6 pontos/m2. Os resultados mostraram que o método funciona adequadamente na extração dos contornos de telhados em áreas contendo obstruções e sombras, apresentando valores médios de completeza e correção acima de 90%, e valores médios de RMSE abaixo de 0,5 m para as componentes E e N, e abaixo de 1 m para a componente H.
In this work a methodology was proposed for extracting building roof contours in the object-space, by integration of a high-resolution aerial images stereo pair and 3D roof models reconstructed from LASER scanning data. A mathematical model considering the radiometric and geometric properties of roofs was developed in order to represent the roof contour in the image-space, based on the Snake active contour model. Then, the model was adapted to represent the contours in the object space considering a stereo pair of aerial images. Finally, the optimal polygon representing a selected roof contour was obtained by optimizing the proposed energy function using Dynamic Programming algorithm. The solution obtained, i.e., a polygon representing each 3D roof contour, will be a higher accurate representation for the correspondent contour of the 3D roof model. The proposed method also presents mechanisms to perform the compensation of three types of common problems in urban environment and which can disturb the automatic roof extraction: perspective occlusions caused by high buildings, occlusions caused by vegetation that covers the roof and shadows that are adjacent to the roofs which can be misinterpreted as roof edges. The experiments were performed using aerial images with GSD ≈ 0,10 m and LASER point cloud with average density of 6 points/m2. The results showed that the proposed method works properly in contour extraction of roofs with occlusion and shadows areas, presenting completeness and correctness average values above 90%, RMSE average values below 0,5 m for E and N components, and below 1 m for H component.
In this work a methodology was proposed for extracting building roof contours in the object-space, by integration of a high-resolution aerial images stereo pair and 3D roof models reconstructed from LASER scanning data. A mathematical model considering the radiometric and geometric properties of roofs was developed in order to represent the roof contour in the image-space, based on the Snake active contour model. Then, the model was adapted to represent the contours in the object space considering a stereo pair of aerial images. Finally, the optimal polygon representing a selected roof contour was obtained by optimizing the proposed energy function using Dynamic Programming algorithm. The solution obtained, i.e., a polygon representing each 3D roof contour, will be a higher accurate representation for the correspondent contour of the 3D roof model. The proposed method also presents mechanisms to perform the compensation of three types of common problems in urban environment and which can disturb the automatic roof extraction: perspective occlusions caused by high buildings, occlusions caused by vegetation that covers the roof and shadows that are adjacent to the roofs which can be misinterpreted as roof edges. The experiments were performed using aerial images with GSD ≈ 0,10 m and LASER point cloud with average density of 6 points/m2. The results showed that the proposed method works properly in contour extraction of roofs with occlusion and shadows areas, presenting completeness and correctness average values above 90%, RMSE average values below 0,5 m for E and N components, and below 1 m for H component.
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Palavras-chave
Extração de telhados, Dados laser, Imagens aéreas, Snake, Programação Dinânima, Roof extraction, LiDAR data, Aerial images, Snake, Dynamic Programming