Análise da dinâmica erosiva linear e seu potencial evolutivo em ambiente agrícola
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Data
2019-11-12
Autores
Stefanuto, Estêvão Botura
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o auxílio de diversos ramos da ciência, o ser humano buscou o desenvolvimento de suas demandas ao longo da história junto ao espaço natural, chegando para alguns autores, do ponto de vista do relevo, a ser denominado como um novo agente geomorfológico. A partir disso, as ações humanas vêm modificando o relevo em ambientes rurais, tanto para fins de agricultura como de pecuária. A fim de colaborar com os estudos que visam compreender os mecanismos de desenvolvimento de feições erosivas lineares e sua interação com agentes antropomórficos, teve-se como objetivo desta pesquisa apontar o potencial ao avanço erosivo linear de feições localizadas em uma bacia hidrográfica alocada no setor cuestiforme de Analândia (SP). Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizaram-se as orientações de Mathias (2016), realizando o levantamento de diversas variáveis (granulometria, infiltração, resistência do solo à penetração, permeabilidade, declividade, fluxo acumulado de superfície e uso da terra) para formulação de cartas de síntese, as quais foram validadas a partir das áreas de ocorrência de feições erosivas e a partir dos dados de evolução do talude de uma voçoroca. Para validação, pautou-se na hipótese de que as classes com alto potencial ao avanço erosivo deveriam ter uma boa correspondência com os setores de maior concentração de feições erosivas e maior evolução do talude. Assim, tal sistemática permitiu identificar o setor central da bacia como uma zona de concentração de feições erosivas lineares, a qual se constitui em uma área de transição entre os solos argilosos de maior resistência (ao norte) e os solos arenosos de menor resistência (ao sul). Ainda, as vertentes ao norte apresentaram declives íngremes (30┤45%) e fluxo acumulado elevado (2500┤12500m²), quando comparado a outras pesquisas. Tais fatores, associados a um intensivo uso da terra voltado para pecuária, com reduzidas práticas de manejo, apontaram, nas cartas de síntese com melhor resposta à validação, uma faixa, no setor central da área de estudo, de maior potencial ao avanço erosivo, firmando o setor de contato entre materiais de resistências variadas como uma zona que requer atenção. Destaca-se ainda que as cartas de síntese com melhor resposta à hipótese empregaram influência igual às variáveis interpoladas, fato que permitiu a compreensão de que a dinâmica erosiva atuante no setor evolui e avança a partir da interação de elementos físicos e das ações humanas, afirmação que subsidia pesquisas em ambientes rurais que empreguem perspectivas calcadas na análise da complexidade da interação das variáveis naturais e humanas para o estudo dos sistemas terrestres.
With help of several Science fields, human beings sought to develop their demands throughout history all over the natural space, reaching out to some authors, from the point of view of relief, to be named as a new geomorphological agent. From this, human actions have been modifying the relief in rural environments, for agriculture and livestock purposes. Seeking to collaborate with studies that aim to understand the mechanisms of development of linear erosive features and their interaction with anthropomorphic agents, this research goal was to indicate the potential to linear erosive rise of features located in a watershed located in the cuestiform sector from Analândia (SP). For the research development, it has been used the guidelines of Mathias (2016), performing the survey of several variables (particle size, infiltration, penetration resistance, permeability, slope, accumulated surface flow and land use) for the formulation of maps synthesis, which were validated from the areas of erosive features and from the evolution data of a gully erosion. For validation, it was based on the hypothesis that the kinds with high potential to erosive rise should have a good correspondence with sectors in higher concentration of erosive features and larger slope evolution. Thus, this systematic allowed to identify the central sector of the watershed as a zone of concentration of linear erosive features, which constitutes a transition area between the more resistant clay soils (to the north) and the less resistant sandy soils (to the south). Still, the northern hillslopes showed steep slopes (30┤45%) and highly accumulated flow (2500┤12500m²) when compared to other surveys. These factors, combined with intensive land use for livestock, reduced management practices indicated, in the synthesis maps with the best response to validation, a band on the central sector of the study area, with larger potential to erosive rise, establishing the contact sector between materials of varying strengths as a zone that requires attention. It is noteworthy that the synthesis maps with better response to the hypothesis employed the same influence as the interpolated variables, a fact that allowed the understanding that the erosive dynamics acting in the sector evolves and advances from the interaction of physical elements and human actions, affirmation that supports research in rural environments that employ perspectives based on the analysis of the interaction complexity of natural and human variables for the study of Earth systems.
With help of several Science fields, human beings sought to develop their demands throughout history all over the natural space, reaching out to some authors, from the point of view of relief, to be named as a new geomorphological agent. From this, human actions have been modifying the relief in rural environments, for agriculture and livestock purposes. Seeking to collaborate with studies that aim to understand the mechanisms of development of linear erosive features and their interaction with anthropomorphic agents, this research goal was to indicate the potential to linear erosive rise of features located in a watershed located in the cuestiform sector from Analândia (SP). For the research development, it has been used the guidelines of Mathias (2016), performing the survey of several variables (particle size, infiltration, penetration resistance, permeability, slope, accumulated surface flow and land use) for the formulation of maps synthesis, which were validated from the areas of erosive features and from the evolution data of a gully erosion. For validation, it was based on the hypothesis that the kinds with high potential to erosive rise should have a good correspondence with sectors in higher concentration of erosive features and larger slope evolution. Thus, this systematic allowed to identify the central sector of the watershed as a zone of concentration of linear erosive features, which constitutes a transition area between the more resistant clay soils (to the north) and the less resistant sandy soils (to the south). Still, the northern hillslopes showed steep slopes (30┤45%) and highly accumulated flow (2500┤12500m²) when compared to other surveys. These factors, combined with intensive land use for livestock, reduced management practices indicated, in the synthesis maps with the best response to validation, a band on the central sector of the study area, with larger potential to erosive rise, establishing the contact sector between materials of varying strengths as a zone that requires attention. It is noteworthy that the synthesis maps with better response to the hypothesis employed the same influence as the interpolated variables, a fact that allowed the understanding that the erosive dynamics acting in the sector evolves and advances from the interaction of physical elements and human actions, affirmation that supports research in rural environments that employ perspectives based on the analysis of the interaction complexity of natural and human variables for the study of Earth systems.
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Palavras-chave
Declividade, Fluxo acumulado, Uso da terra, Solos, Feição erosiva linear, Slope, Accumulated flow, Land use, Soils, Linear erosive features