Capital financeiro e land grabbing: o uso das técnicas da informação para a captura da renda da terra
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Data
2019-11-05
Autores
Saweljew, Yuri Martenauer [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos momentos de forte expansão financeira da geografia histórica do capitalismo, como no atual período da globalização, a lógica financeira, ao se autonomizar diante das sociedades e da economia real, impõe suas normas de rentabilidade às empresas e ao território. Desse modo, para a compreensão da relação entre o atual fenômeno de financeirização da economia e o uso agrícola do território brasileiro, analisamos como as técnicas da informação permitem a captura da renda fundiária a partir da atuação da empresa SLC Agrícola. Portanto, a partir dos trabalhos de campo realizados no Piauí, no Maranhão e na Bahia, nos quais realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas, com camponeses, representantes do Estado e visitas às fazendas de empresa agrícolas, e a realização de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, além de levantamento e análise de dados secundários, esta dissertação buscou responder a algumas questões: como o IPO das empresas agrícolas, em particular, da SLC Agrícola resultou em novos usos do território pela empresa? De que forma uma empresa agrícola de capital aberto busca transformar a terra em ativo financeiro? Como as técnicas da informação são utilizadas para a captura de renda da terra? Como a SLC Agrícola gera valor aos acionistas por meio da precificação do seu portfólio de terras? Quais são os impactos territoriais do atual fenômeno de land grabbing? Por meio dessas questões, revelou-se que a articulação das empresas agrícolas com o capital financeiro, aliado ao uso das técnicas da informação, impõe um novo ritmo de produção agrícola e, consequentemente, um novo ritmo de expansão no território, capaz de promover consequências territoriais, como a expropriação de comunidades tradicionais e diversos problemas ambientais.
In the moments of strong financial expansion of the historical geography of capitalism, as in the current period of globalization, the financial logic, by becoming autonomous in relation to societies and the real economy, imposes its norms of profitability on companies and territory. Thus, to understand the relationship between the current phenomenon of financialization of the economy and the agricultural use of the Brazilian territory, we analyze how information techniques allow the capture of land income from the activities of the company SLC Agrícola. Therefore, from the field work carried out in Piauí, Maranhão and Bahia, in which we conducted semi-structured interviews with peasants, state representatives and visits to farms of agricultural companies, and a literature review on the subject, as well as From the survey and analysis of secondary data, this dissertation sought to answer some questions: How did the IPO of agricultural companies, in particular, of SLC Agrícola result in new uses of the territory by the company? How does a publicly traded agricultural company seek to make land a financial asset? How are information techniques used to capture land income? How does SLC Agrícola generate shareholder value by pricing its land portfolio? What are the territorial impacts of the current land grabbing phenomenon? Through these questions, it was revealed that the articulation of agricultural companies with financial capital, combined with the use of information techniques, imposes a new rate of agricultural production and, consequently, a new rate of expansion in the territory, capable of promoting consequences. such as the expropriation of traditional communities and various environmental problems
In the moments of strong financial expansion of the historical geography of capitalism, as in the current period of globalization, the financial logic, by becoming autonomous in relation to societies and the real economy, imposes its norms of profitability on companies and territory. Thus, to understand the relationship between the current phenomenon of financialization of the economy and the agricultural use of the Brazilian territory, we analyze how information techniques allow the capture of land income from the activities of the company SLC Agrícola. Therefore, from the field work carried out in Piauí, Maranhão and Bahia, in which we conducted semi-structured interviews with peasants, state representatives and visits to farms of agricultural companies, and a literature review on the subject, as well as From the survey and analysis of secondary data, this dissertation sought to answer some questions: How did the IPO of agricultural companies, in particular, of SLC Agrícola result in new uses of the territory by the company? How does a publicly traded agricultural company seek to make land a financial asset? How are information techniques used to capture land income? How does SLC Agrícola generate shareholder value by pricing its land portfolio? What are the territorial impacts of the current land grabbing phenomenon? Through these questions, it was revealed that the articulation of agricultural companies with financial capital, combined with the use of information techniques, imposes a new rate of agricultural production and, consequently, a new rate of expansion in the territory, capable of promoting consequences. such as the expropriation of traditional communities and various environmental problems
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Palavras-chave
Geografia econômica, Economic geography, Geografia agrária, Agricultural geography, Financialization of agriculture, Financeirização da agricultura, Land grabbing, Técnicas da informação, Information techniques, Renda da terra, Ground rent, Capital financeiro, Financial capital