Imperadores do Brasil: diferenças institucionais e políticas no exercício do Poder Moderador
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Data
2019-12-12
Autores
Carvalho, Eder Aparecido de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa analisa as implicações do Poder Moderador nas instituições políticas do Império brasileiro, ao descrever as diferenças existentes entre os dois imperadores que exerceram aquele poder. Nesse sentido, discorre sobre a modificação introduzida na aplicação da Constituição outorgada, quando D. Pedro I dissolveu a Assembleia Constituinte e instituiu o Poder Moderador, na Carta de 1824. Diversamente à teoria política de Benjamin Constant (1767-1830), D. Pedro I (1798-1834) concentrou em suas mãos o Poder Moderador e o Executivo. Partindo da hipótese de que o Segundo Reinado (1840-1889) apresentou viés menos centralizador do que aquele do Primeiro Reinado (1822-1831), o trabalho procura apurar por que ainda ─ apesar de todas as modificações ocorridas no exercício do Poder Moderador ─ persiste a noção de “Poder Pessoal” atrelada a D. Pedro II (1825-1891). Essa interpretação tem sido adotada pelos intelectuais que abordam o tema, o que nos incentiva a desenvolver a pesquisa no intuito de reinterpretar os pressupostos teóricos e político-institucionais do Poder Moderador, durante a vigência do Segundo Reinado (1840-1889). Quanto aos procedimentos de pesquisa ─ pautados nos estudos comparativos do exercício do Poder Moderador efetuados pelos dois imperadores ─, foram realizadas análises da bibliografia acadêmica e dos documentos oficiais, incluindo o exame dos manuscritos primários, os quais se somaram à construção do marco teórico deste estudo.
In this research, the implications of the Moderating Power for the political institutions of the brazilian Empire are analyzed, describing the existing differences between the two emperors exercised that power. In that sense, the modification introduced in the application of the Constitution is discussed, which took place when D. Pedro I dissolved the Constituent Assembly and established the Moderating Power in the 1824 Constitution. Differently from Benjamin Constant’s political theory (1767-1830), D. Pedro I (1798-1834) concentrated the Moderating and Executive Powers in his own hands. Departing from the hypothesis that the Second Reign (1840-1889) presented a less centralizing bias than the First Reign (1822- 1831), in this study, we try to verify why, despite all changes in the practice of the Moderating Power, the notion of “Personal Power” remains linked to D. Pedro II (1825- 1891). Intellectuals who discuss the theme have adopted this interpretation, which encourages us to develop the research in order to reinterpret the theoretical and political-institutional premises of the Moderating Power under the Second Reign (1840-1889). What the research procedures are concerned - based on the comparative studies of the two emperors' exercise of the Moderating Power - we analyze the academic bibliography and official documents, including the investigation of primary manuscripts, which added to the construction of the theoretical framework for this study
In this research, the implications of the Moderating Power for the political institutions of the brazilian Empire are analyzed, describing the existing differences between the two emperors exercised that power. In that sense, the modification introduced in the application of the Constitution is discussed, which took place when D. Pedro I dissolved the Constituent Assembly and established the Moderating Power in the 1824 Constitution. Differently from Benjamin Constant’s political theory (1767-1830), D. Pedro I (1798-1834) concentrated the Moderating and Executive Powers in his own hands. Departing from the hypothesis that the Second Reign (1840-1889) presented a less centralizing bias than the First Reign (1822- 1831), in this study, we try to verify why, despite all changes in the practice of the Moderating Power, the notion of “Personal Power” remains linked to D. Pedro II (1825- 1891). Intellectuals who discuss the theme have adopted this interpretation, which encourages us to develop the research in order to reinterpret the theoretical and political-institutional premises of the Moderating Power under the Second Reign (1840-1889). What the research procedures are concerned - based on the comparative studies of the two emperors' exercise of the Moderating Power - we analyze the academic bibliography and official documents, including the investigation of primary manuscripts, which added to the construction of the theoretical framework for this study
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Palavras-chave
Poder Moderador, D. Pedro I, D. Pedro II, Império, Instituições Políticas Brasileiras, Moderating Power, Empire, Brazilian Political Institutions