Dinâmica e contradições do avanço do monocultivo da cana-de-açúcar em pequenos municípios do Pontal do Paranapanema: uma análise sobre Caiabu/SP
Arquivos
Data
2019-03-19
Autores
Silva, Lúcia Iaciara da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho resulta do interesse sobre o município de Caiabu/SP, e sua dependência acerca do setor sucroenergético. Desde o período em que se lançou o PROÁLCOOL no Brasil vê-se um crescimento da produção das usinas sucroalcooleiras, incitado pelos mecanismos do Estado que favoreceram investimentos na produção e garantindo demanda do etanol (também pela política de acréscimo deste à gasolina), de modo que Caiabu/SP, inserido no Pontal do Paranapanema, se encontra na área de expansão no Estado de São Paulo. Assim, um contexto internacional de proposição de sustentabilidade energética, políticas públicas de cunho nacional, condições favoráveis no Estado de São Paulo, repercutem na escala local. Nesta seara o desenvolvimentismo foi muito importante no que concerne a estabelecer os meios de sustentação do setor e/ou cadeia produtiva, passando à desregulação da produção quando em inícios do período neoliberal (década de 1990), mas com a ainda presença do Estado via financiamentos. Caiabu se encontra, portanto, intimamente ligado à dinâmica da cana-de-açúcar, bem como vários municípios próximos, onde esta comparece com um duplo sentido, à medida que gera empregos à grande maioria de seus munícipes, dentre as poucas alternativas de emprego e renda que se apresentam na localidade, mas também desestimula a agricultura familiar, se constituindo elemento de dependência. Nosso objetivo respalda-se, portanto, nas relações e dinâmicas que se constroem no município em torno de um setor e/ou cadeia produtiva que tem avançado na região, trazendo homogeneização. Utilizamo-nos na pesquisa de dados de primários (entrevistas) e dados secundários disponibilizados em sítios eletrônicos. Através dos mesmos é possível caracterizar o município, dentro de indicadores como IDHM, como numa situação, no mínimo, regular, sobretudo quando se averigua o indicador individual “expectativa de vida”, entretanto, dados do CRAS demonstram outra faceta da população municipal, em face de ser uma pequena população (pouco mais de 4 mil habitantes), mas com valores até que importantes de repasses para execução de programas.
The work results from the interest on the municipality of Caiabu / SP, and its dependence on the sugar-energy sector. Since the period when PROÁLCOOL (National Alcohol Program) was launched in Brazil, there has been an increase in the production of sugar and alcohol plants, prompted by the State mechanisms that favored investments in production and guaranteeing demand for ethanol (also due to the policy of adding this to gasoline), that Caiabu / SP, inserted in Pontal do Paranapanema, is in the expansion area in the State of São Paulo. Thus, an international context of proposition of energy sustainability, public policies of national nature, favorable conditions in the State of São Paulo, have repercussions on the local scale. In this area, developmentalism was very important in terms of establishing the means of support for the sector and / or the productive chain, and it started to deregulate production when in the early neoliberal period (1990s), but with the State still present via financing. Caiabu is, therefore, closely linked to the dynamics of sugar cane, as well as several nearby municipalities, where it appears with a double meaning, as it generates jobs for the vast majority of its residents, among the few employment alternatives and income that present themselves in the locality, but also discourages family farming, becoming an element of dependency. Our objective is based, therefore, on the relationships and dynamics that are built in the municipality around a sector and / or productive chain that has advanced in the region, bringing homogenization. We use it to search primary data (interviews) and secondary data available on electronic sites. Through them it is possible to characterize the municipality, within indicators such as IDHM (Municipal Human Development Index), as in a situation, at least, regular, especially when the individual indicator “life expectancy” is ascertained, however, CRAS (Social Assistance Reference Center) data demonstrate another facet of the municipal population, in face of being a small population (a little more than 4 thousand inhabitants), but with values that are even important of transfers for the execution of programs.
The work results from the interest on the municipality of Caiabu / SP, and its dependence on the sugar-energy sector. Since the period when PROÁLCOOL (National Alcohol Program) was launched in Brazil, there has been an increase in the production of sugar and alcohol plants, prompted by the State mechanisms that favored investments in production and guaranteeing demand for ethanol (also due to the policy of adding this to gasoline), that Caiabu / SP, inserted in Pontal do Paranapanema, is in the expansion area in the State of São Paulo. Thus, an international context of proposition of energy sustainability, public policies of national nature, favorable conditions in the State of São Paulo, have repercussions on the local scale. In this area, developmentalism was very important in terms of establishing the means of support for the sector and / or the productive chain, and it started to deregulate production when in the early neoliberal period (1990s), but with the State still present via financing. Caiabu is, therefore, closely linked to the dynamics of sugar cane, as well as several nearby municipalities, where it appears with a double meaning, as it generates jobs for the vast majority of its residents, among the few employment alternatives and income that present themselves in the locality, but also discourages family farming, becoming an element of dependency. Our objective is based, therefore, on the relationships and dynamics that are built in the municipality around a sector and / or productive chain that has advanced in the region, bringing homogenization. We use it to search primary data (interviews) and secondary data available on electronic sites. Through them it is possible to characterize the municipality, within indicators such as IDHM (Municipal Human Development Index), as in a situation, at least, regular, especially when the individual indicator “life expectancy” is ascertained, however, CRAS (Social Assistance Reference Center) data demonstrate another facet of the municipal population, in face of being a small population (a little more than 4 thousand inhabitants), but with values that are even important of transfers for the execution of programs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Caiabu/SP, Pequenos municípios, Desenvolvimento, Cana-de-açúcar, Dependência econômica, Small municipalities, Development, Sugar cane, Economic dependence