Características associadas ao comportamento suicida em adolescentes atendidos junto a um Caps AD III - 24h
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Data
2020-03-02
Autores
Oliveira, Giseli Moretti
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A literatura sugere uma relação sinergística entre (i) sintomas (ou quadros) de transtornos mentais, (ii) transtornos relacionados ao uso de drogas, (iii) dificuldades no sistema familiar, (iv) abusos sexuais e psicológicos e o aparecimento de comportamentos do espectro suicida. Este trabalho abordou a problemática do suicídio na juventude, investigando, especificamente, os principais fatores de risco para o aparecimento do problema na adolescência. O objetivo central consiste em identificar características associadas a comportamentos do Espectro Suicida entre adolescentes usuários de substâncias psicoativas (SPA). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza documental descritiva de cunho transversal sobre o assunto, tendo como instituiçãoalvo um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial AD 24h (CAPS AD III). A amostra foi composta por 93 prontuários de adolescentes, na faixa etária de 12 a 19 anos, sendo 73 (78,4%) do sexo masculino e 20 (21,5%) do sexo feminino. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um instrumento, elaborado, especificamente, para este trabalho, o qual se destinou ao levantamento de informações, como (i) características sociodemográficas dos adolescentes; (ii) padrão do uso de substâncias psicoativas, suas influências e prejuízos; (iii) incidência de transtornos psiquiátricos e uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos; (iv) incidência de comportamentos do espectro suicida. Os dados foram codificados e transcritos em planilha, para sistematização e para sua posterior análise. Encontramos alto percentual de consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre os adolescentes (89% usam três ou mais drogas simultaneamente), além de elevado percentual de familiares usuários de SPA. Variáveis como o sexo feminino, a ausência de atividade física, o uso de medicações psicotrópicas e a presença de transtornos mentais, correlacionam-se a comportamentos do espectro suicida. Os resultados permitem supor que os problemas decorrentes de comportamento suicida no ciclo vital e, mais especificamente, na adolescência, são complexos e intrincados. Recomenda-se, então, a ampliação do debate sobre comportamentos do espectro suicida e sobre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre crianças e adolescentes, haja vista a atual escassez de estudos sobre o tema. O presente trabalho estimula esse debate, contribuindo com o conhecimento sobre o assunto e com o planejamento de ações preventivas e/ou terapêuticas, direcionadas à população infanto-juvenil que enfrenta problemas relacionados ao consumo de substâncias.
The literature suggests a synergistic relationship between symptoms or clinical picture of mental disorders / disorders related to drug use, difficulties in the family system / sexual/ psychological abuses and appearance of a suicidal spectrum. This work addressed the problematic of suicide in youth, specifically investigating the main risk factors for the occurrence of problems in teenagers. The main objective is to identify the resources applicable to the Suicide Spectrum among teenager users of psychoactive substances (PAS). A descriptive documentary research was carried out on the transversal theme, having as target institution a Psychosocial Care Center AD 24h (CAPS AD III). A sample consisted of 93 medical records of teenagers aged 12 to 19 years, 73 (78.4%) male and 20 (21.5%) female. To collect data, an instrument designed for this work was used, aimed at collecting information such as sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents; pattern of use of psychoactive substances, their influences and losses; incidence of psychiatric disorders and use of psychotropic drugs; incidence of suicide spectrum behavior. The data were coded and transcribed in a spreadsheet, for systematization and analysis. A high percentage of psychoactive substance use was found among adolescents (89% use three or more drugs simultaneously), in addition to a high percentage of family members of PAS. Variables such as female gender, absence of physical activity, use of psychotropic medications and presence of mental disorders, appeared to be related to the suicidal spectrum behaviors. The results allows to assume that the problems arisindg of suicidal behavior in the life cycle and more specific in teenager, are complex and intricate. It is recommended to broaden the debate on configurations of suicide spectrum and consumption of psychoactive substances among children and adolescents, considering shortage of studies on the subject. The present work sought to stimulate this debate and intends to contribute with the knowledge and planning of preventive and / or therapeutic actions, aimed at children and teenagers who face problems related to substance use.
The literature suggests a synergistic relationship between symptoms or clinical picture of mental disorders / disorders related to drug use, difficulties in the family system / sexual/ psychological abuses and appearance of a suicidal spectrum. This work addressed the problematic of suicide in youth, specifically investigating the main risk factors for the occurrence of problems in teenagers. The main objective is to identify the resources applicable to the Suicide Spectrum among teenager users of psychoactive substances (PAS). A descriptive documentary research was carried out on the transversal theme, having as target institution a Psychosocial Care Center AD 24h (CAPS AD III). A sample consisted of 93 medical records of teenagers aged 12 to 19 years, 73 (78.4%) male and 20 (21.5%) female. To collect data, an instrument designed for this work was used, aimed at collecting information such as sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents; pattern of use of psychoactive substances, their influences and losses; incidence of psychiatric disorders and use of psychotropic drugs; incidence of suicide spectrum behavior. The data were coded and transcribed in a spreadsheet, for systematization and analysis. A high percentage of psychoactive substance use was found among adolescents (89% use three or more drugs simultaneously), in addition to a high percentage of family members of PAS. Variables such as female gender, absence of physical activity, use of psychotropic medications and presence of mental disorders, appeared to be related to the suicidal spectrum behaviors. The results allows to assume that the problems arisindg of suicidal behavior in the life cycle and more specific in teenager, are complex and intricate. It is recommended to broaden the debate on configurations of suicide spectrum and consumption of psychoactive substances among children and adolescents, considering shortage of studies on the subject. The present work sought to stimulate this debate and intends to contribute with the knowledge and planning of preventive and / or therapeutic actions, aimed at children and teenagers who face problems related to substance use.
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Palavras-chave
Adolescentes, Suicídio., Espectro do comportamento suicida, Substâncias psicoativas, Adolescents, Suicide, Suicidal behavior spectrum, Psychoactive substances