“Serviço de Mulher”: a mulher e a educação para o trabalho sob mediação da literatura infantil
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Data
2019-11-25
Autores
Lima, Jaqueline Moreira Ferraz de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa tem como objetivo fazer uma análise das obras propostas pelo Programa Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), para crianças de seis a oito anos idade, a fim de identificar como os livros didáticos discutem o trabalho feminino no lar e na vida pública, bem como as formas como os livros infantis se constituem em mediadores para discussões sobre profissões femininas, múltiplas jornadas da mulher, divisão sexual do trabalho e questões que se referem direta ou indiretamente às diferenciações salariais e participação da mulher no provimento da família, a partir das diferenças de gênero. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujos procedimentos são a análise bibliográfica, documental de livros de literatura infantil fornecidos pelo PNAIC, no ano de 2017 e, para a organização e sistematização dos dados, a análise pictórica e de conteúdo, sob o referencial da filosofia da práxis, que nos possibilita uma compreensão dialética da categoria trabalho como ontológica. Assim, buscamos identificar como as obras de literatura se constituem em mediações para a discussão sobre exploração e opressão de gênero no processo de formação para o trabalho, durante o Ensino Fundamental. Para desenvolvimento da análise foram selecionadas 34 obras de um total de 102, dentre elas, três para aprofundamento de conteúdo. Foram identificadas diversas problemáticas, entre elas a apropriação do capitalismo na divisão sexual do trabalho, exercendo sobre as mulheres uma exploração diferenciada em relação aos homens, marcando ainda sua trajetória profissional com estereótipos e a chamada “guetificação”.
This research proposes an analysis of the books of the National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age (PNAIC) program for children from six to eight years old, in order to identify how textbooks discuss female work at home and in public life and the ways in which children's literature books are used to mediate discussions about women's professions, women's multiple work hours, sexual division of labor, and issues that directly or indirectly refer to wage differentials and women's participation in providing family, based on gender differences. This is a qualitative research, whose procedures were the bibliographic documentary analysis content of a sample of 34 books of literature provided by PNAIC, in the year 2017. For the organization and systematization of data resulting from the pictorial and content analysis Comparative tables are made with the information of each one. Under the framework of the philosophy of praxis, we seek to identify how the works of literature constitute mediations for the discussion about exploitation and oppression of gender in the process of formation for work, during the early years of elementary school. The research consists of a discussion about work in the context of the capitalist mode of production and the specificities of female labor, literature in elementary school and PNAIC policy, the identification of general trends in works and a deeper analysis of the content textual and pictorial of three works that stood out in the analyzed set. We found that in none of the 102 books in the PNAIC collection, women's work is addressed as a central theme; In the 34 books in which she appears incidentally, most of the books have identified the female figure in parenting without male participation; the male figure as signatory to a range of professions much larger than those attributed to the female universe; the reiteration in various works of the female figure associated with housework and / or care for the children or other characters. Thus, we conclude that the reproduction of sexist relations as the sexual division of tasks in the domestic and public environments still endures in the works, although there is already the presentation of the female figure in salaried relationships and participating in the provision of the family, whose aspect is not highlighted in none of them. For the development of the analysis, 34 works out of a total of 102 were selected, among them, three to deepen the content. Several discussion problems were identified, among them the appropriation of capitalism in the sexual division of labor, exercising a differentiated exploitation on women in relation to men, also marking their professional trajectory with stereotypes and the exclusion.
This research proposes an analysis of the books of the National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age (PNAIC) program for children from six to eight years old, in order to identify how textbooks discuss female work at home and in public life and the ways in which children's literature books are used to mediate discussions about women's professions, women's multiple work hours, sexual division of labor, and issues that directly or indirectly refer to wage differentials and women's participation in providing family, based on gender differences. This is a qualitative research, whose procedures were the bibliographic documentary analysis content of a sample of 34 books of literature provided by PNAIC, in the year 2017. For the organization and systematization of data resulting from the pictorial and content analysis Comparative tables are made with the information of each one. Under the framework of the philosophy of praxis, we seek to identify how the works of literature constitute mediations for the discussion about exploitation and oppression of gender in the process of formation for work, during the early years of elementary school. The research consists of a discussion about work in the context of the capitalist mode of production and the specificities of female labor, literature in elementary school and PNAIC policy, the identification of general trends in works and a deeper analysis of the content textual and pictorial of three works that stood out in the analyzed set. We found that in none of the 102 books in the PNAIC collection, women's work is addressed as a central theme; In the 34 books in which she appears incidentally, most of the books have identified the female figure in parenting without male participation; the male figure as signatory to a range of professions much larger than those attributed to the female universe; the reiteration in various works of the female figure associated with housework and / or care for the children or other characters. Thus, we conclude that the reproduction of sexist relations as the sexual division of tasks in the domestic and public environments still endures in the works, although there is already the presentation of the female figure in salaried relationships and participating in the provision of the family, whose aspect is not highlighted in none of them. For the development of the analysis, 34 works out of a total of 102 were selected, among them, three to deepen the content. Several discussion problems were identified, among them the appropriation of capitalism in the sexual division of labor, exercising a differentiated exploitation on women in relation to men, also marking their professional trajectory with stereotypes and the exclusion.
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Palavras-chave
Programa Nacional Alfabetização na Idade Certa, Literatura infantil, Políticas educacionais, Trabalho feminino, Ensino fundamental, Trabalho e educação, National Literacy Program at the Right Age, Literature, Educational policies, Female work, Elementary school, Work and education