Estresse, humor e Burnout em atletas de futebol feminino
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Data
2020-02-20
Autores
Rinaldi, Igor Malinosqui
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O futebol é a modalidade esportiva mais popular no Brasil e reserva muitos impactos na vida das pessoas, desde os aspectos sócio culturais até o desempenho humano e de saúde, no entanto, as pesquisas que se apresentam bem como as competições relevantes são atualmente, em maioria, originárias masculinas. Uma vez que as características psicossociais da modalidade podem implicar alterações no rendimento esportivo e na qualidade de vida de jogadoras de futebol, se faz necessário encontrar informações científicas que auxiliem na compreensão de aspectos psicológicos envolvidos para o trabalho de profissionais do esporte. O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar e analisar níveis dos estados de humor e burnout, bem como a percepção de estresse e recuperação em atletas de futebol do sexo feminino, durante treinamentos de uma temporada de competições. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento de literatura e da recente produção científica em relação ao tema em psicologia do esporte, em conseguinte, foi realizada a coleta de dados junto as equipes participantes, por meio dos Questionário de Estresse e Recuperação para Atletas (RESTQ-76), de Estados de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS) e do Questionário de Burnout para Atletas (ABQ) de 59 jogadoras de duas categorias distintas que atuaram no futebol feminino e que competiram série A1 dos Campeonatos Paulista e Brasileiro Feminino no ano de 2018. O plano de análise dos resultados utilizou os seguintes métodos estatísticos: cálculos de estatísticas descritivas (média, mediana, desvio padrão, mínimo e máximo); teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e medidas de correlação de Spearman. Em todos os testes estatísticos foram adotados níveis de significância de 0,05 e 0,001 além do efeito por meio do coeficiente de correlação ao quadrado R². Foi possível verificar por meio dos resultados que não houve diferença das variáveis entre as categorias, as médias das participantes apresentaram perfil de humor positivo para atletas e que os níveis médios de estresse e burnout apresentaram valores baixos e a recuperação revelou escores moderados. Além disso, observou-se associações positivas entre estresse, burnout e humor negativo em muitas dimensões; correlações negativas entre recuperação e estresse, burnout e humor negativo; e relação positiva entre recuperação e o fator vigor de humor. Concluiu-se, portanto, que as associações fortes entre as variáveis podem auxiliar na compreensão, na prevenção de acometimentos em saúde psicológica em atletas bem como a intervenção em treinamentos de futebol feminino durante períodos de competição, especialmente os grandes impactos das variáveis estresse e recuperação em outros fatores psicológicos que influenciam a saúde e o desempenho esportivo, no entanto, há necessidade de mais investigações que permitam ampliar o conhecimento sobre a população estudada no contexto futebolístico.
Football is the most popular sport in Brazil and has many impacts on people's lives, from socio-cultural aspects to human and health performance, however, the research that presents itself as well as the relevant competitions are currently, mostly, male origin. Since the psychosocial characteristics of the sport may imply changes in the sports performance and quality of life of soccer players, it is necessary to find scientific information that will help to understanding the psychological aspects involved and for sport`s professionals work. The objective of the present work is to identify and analyze levels of mood and burnout states, as well as the perception of stress and recovery in female soccer athletes, during the training of a competition season. For this purpose, a literature survey was conducted and the recent scientific production on the theme in sport psychology, therefore, data collection was carried out with the participating teams, through the Stress and Recovery Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-76), of Brunel's States of Humor (BRUMS) and the Burnout Questionnaire for Athletes (ABQ) of 59 players from two different categories who worked in women's football and who competed in the A1 series of the Paulista and Brazilian Women's Championships of the year 2018, the analysis of the results used the following statistical methods: calculations of descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum); Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and Spearman's correlation measures. In all statistical tests, significance levels of 0.05 were adopted in addition to the effect through the correlation coefficient R². It was possible to verify through the results that there was no difference in the variables between the categories, the most of participants had positive mood profile for athletes and that the middle level of stress and burnout presented low and recovery showed moderate scores. In addition, there were positive associations between stress, burnout and negative mood in many dimensions, negative correlations between recovery and stress, burnout and negative mood and a positive relationship between recovery and the vigor factor. It was concluded, therefore, that the strong associations between the variables can help in the understanding and prevention of psychological disorders in athletes as well as interventions in women's soccer training during periods of competition, especially the mayor impacts of stress and recovery variables on other psychological factors that influence health and sports performance, however, there is a need for further investigations that allow to expand the knowledge about the studied population in the football context.
Football is the most popular sport in Brazil and has many impacts on people's lives, from socio-cultural aspects to human and health performance, however, the research that presents itself as well as the relevant competitions are currently, mostly, male origin. Since the psychosocial characteristics of the sport may imply changes in the sports performance and quality of life of soccer players, it is necessary to find scientific information that will help to understanding the psychological aspects involved and for sport`s professionals work. The objective of the present work is to identify and analyze levels of mood and burnout states, as well as the perception of stress and recovery in female soccer athletes, during the training of a competition season. For this purpose, a literature survey was conducted and the recent scientific production on the theme in sport psychology, therefore, data collection was carried out with the participating teams, through the Stress and Recovery Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-76), of Brunel's States of Humor (BRUMS) and the Burnout Questionnaire for Athletes (ABQ) of 59 players from two different categories who worked in women's football and who competed in the A1 series of the Paulista and Brazilian Women's Championships of the year 2018, the analysis of the results used the following statistical methods: calculations of descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum); Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and Spearman's correlation measures. In all statistical tests, significance levels of 0.05 were adopted in addition to the effect through the correlation coefficient R². It was possible to verify through the results that there was no difference in the variables between the categories, the most of participants had positive mood profile for athletes and that the middle level of stress and burnout presented low and recovery showed moderate scores. In addition, there were positive associations between stress, burnout and negative mood in many dimensions, negative correlations between recovery and stress, burnout and negative mood and a positive relationship between recovery and the vigor factor. It was concluded, therefore, that the strong associations between the variables can help in the understanding and prevention of psychological disorders in athletes as well as interventions in women's soccer training during periods of competition, especially the mayor impacts of stress and recovery variables on other psychological factors that influence health and sports performance, however, there is a need for further investigations that allow to expand the knowledge about the studied population in the football context.
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Palavras-chave
Estresse, Humor, Burnout, Futebol feminino, Stress, Mood, Women`s football