Modelagem matemática do faturamento de energia elétrica de uma empresa de avicultura de postura na tarifa verde de acordo com indicadores de consumo
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Data
2020-02-19
Autores
Christovão, Monclar Nogueira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O consumo crescente por energia elétrica, o seu alto custo e as restrições ambientais tornaram imprescindíveis a utilização eficiente desta energia, bem como a execução de ações e programas que promovam economia de eletricidade. Diversas empresas agroindustriais no Brasil produzem a própria ração para alimentação de seus animais por meio da trituração de grãos e cereais, empregando maquinários movidos a motores elétricos muitas vezes sobredimensionados e operando em horários nos quais as tarifas são onerosas (horário de ponta). Essa atividade é responsável por grande parte do consumo de eletricidade e impacta diretamente os custos de produção. Nesta pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático de faturamento de energia elétrica para uma empresa de avicultura de postura optante pela modalidade tarifária verde. Esse modelo trabalha com equações matemáticas contendo variáveis elétricas necessárias ao cálculo da conta de eletricidade. Os principais parâmetros elétricos são os fatores de potência e de carga, a demanda de potência e o consumo de energia. Atualmente no Brasil, para os consumidores do Grupo A, existem duas modalidades tarifárias disponíveis: a horária verde e a horária azul. O modelo matemático proposto pode ser empregado para as duas modalidades, sendo que cada uma delas possui as suas fórmulas específicas, as quais deverão ser inseridas no software Mathematica criado pela empresa Wolfram Research. A direção da granja cedeu 12 contas de energia elétrica e seus dados foram inseridos no software que plotou gráficos de superfície tridimensional e mapas de contorno. Observou-se pelos gráficos o vínculo inversamente proporcional dos valores das faturas com os índices dos fatores de carga e potência. Propostas foram feitas para elevar os montantes desses índices com a finalidade de reduzir o valor da fatura, sem diminuir o consumo de energia e, consequentemente, a produção da empresa. Concluiu-se, por meio de simulações, que a modalidade tarifária horária verde contratada pela empresa foi acertada. Também sugeriu-se a redução da demanda contratada de 360 kW para 313 kW com o intuito de diminuir a multa por demanda complementar. A pesquisa proposta é uma ferramenta que as empresas do agronegócio poderão utilizar nas escolhas referentes à modalidade tarifária e demanda contratada, permitindo aos gestores avaliar a sua operação, buscar alternativas e evitar possíveis multas, tendo como meta a otimização energética da corporação.
The increasing consumption of electricity, the high costs and the environmental restrictions made it paramount the efficient use of such energy, as well as actions and programs to promote energy conservation. Several agro-industrial companies in Brazil produce their own animal feed by mashing cereals and grains with the use of electric-motor machines, which are many times oversized and operate at expensive fee times (peak time). This activity is responsible for great part of the electricity consumption and directly impacts the production costs. This study developed a mathematical model of electricity billing for a laying poultry farm that opted for the green fee modality. This model uses mathematical equations containing the electric variables required for the calculation of the electric bill. The main electrical parameters are: the power and the load factors, the power demand, and the active consumption. Currently in Brazil, there are two fee modalities for Group A consumers: the green and the blue hourly fees. The proposed mathematical model can be used for both modalities, and there are specific equations for each of them, which should be entered into the software Mathematica developed by Wolfram Research. The manager of the poultry farm provided 12 electric bills, and their data was entered into the software that created three-dimensional surface graphs and contour maps. Such graphs showed the inversely proportional relation of the bill amounts with the power and load factor indicators. Proposals were made to increase the amounts of these indicators in order to reduce the bill amount, without reducing the electricity consumption and, consequently, the company's production. We concluded, by simulations, that the green hourly fee modality contracted by the company was the correct one. We also suggested the reduction of the contracted demand from 360 kW to 313 kW in order to reduce the supplemental demand fines. The proposed study is a tool agribusiness companies may use when choosing the fee modality and the contracted demand, enabling managers to assess the company's operation, seek alternatives and avoid potential fines, with the purpose of optimizing the company's energy consumption.
The increasing consumption of electricity, the high costs and the environmental restrictions made it paramount the efficient use of such energy, as well as actions and programs to promote energy conservation. Several agro-industrial companies in Brazil produce their own animal feed by mashing cereals and grains with the use of electric-motor machines, which are many times oversized and operate at expensive fee times (peak time). This activity is responsible for great part of the electricity consumption and directly impacts the production costs. This study developed a mathematical model of electricity billing for a laying poultry farm that opted for the green fee modality. This model uses mathematical equations containing the electric variables required for the calculation of the electric bill. The main electrical parameters are: the power and the load factors, the power demand, and the active consumption. Currently in Brazil, there are two fee modalities for Group A consumers: the green and the blue hourly fees. The proposed mathematical model can be used for both modalities, and there are specific equations for each of them, which should be entered into the software Mathematica developed by Wolfram Research. The manager of the poultry farm provided 12 electric bills, and their data was entered into the software that created three-dimensional surface graphs and contour maps. Such graphs showed the inversely proportional relation of the bill amounts with the power and load factor indicators. Proposals were made to increase the amounts of these indicators in order to reduce the bill amount, without reducing the electricity consumption and, consequently, the company's production. We concluded, by simulations, that the green hourly fee modality contracted by the company was the correct one. We also suggested the reduction of the contracted demand from 360 kW to 313 kW in order to reduce the supplemental demand fines. The proposed study is a tool agribusiness companies may use when choosing the fee modality and the contracted demand, enabling managers to assess the company's operation, seek alternatives and avoid potential fines, with the purpose of optimizing the company's energy consumption.
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Palavras-chave
Conta de energia elétrica, Fator de potência, Software simulador da conta de energia elétrica, Fator de carga, Electric bill, Power factor, Electric bill simulation software, Load factor