Crianças e (in)segurança: a construção de narrativas sobre crianças-soldado na agenda internacional
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Paiva, Giovanna Ayres Arantes de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta pesquisa, argumentamos que a discussão internacional em torno do emprego de criançassoldado foi baseada em algumas narrativas. Por narrativas, nos referimos a histórias construídas, contadas e recontadas, com o objetivo de criar uma verdade, uma versão sobre acontecimentos, uma argumentação de como os eventos ocorreram. Desse modo, propomos a hipótese de que a discussão sobre crianças-soldado, principalmente a partir da década de 1990, foi construída tendo por base uma narrativa dominante que está amparada em três pilares: as relações de poder entre Norte e Sul, o pensamento liberal e a perspectiva securitária. Esses três aspectos formam linhas de argumentação que constroem uma narrativa sobre as criançassoldado, visto que influenciam os modos de se enxergar as próprias crianças e as partes que as empregam. Mais do que isso, a construção de uma narrativa sobre crianças-soldado com base nesse tripé fortalece a consolidação de um modelo de desenvolvimento que instrumentaliza a criança-soldado como um problema de Segurança intrínseco ao Sul Global e que, consequentemente, fortalece a necessidade de intervenção em “Estados Falhados”. Por outro lado, também reconhecemos que há contestação dessa narrativa e tentativas de construir outras explicações sobre a temática. Com o objetivo de analisar o modo pelo qual tais narrativas foram construídas, analisaremos a produção acadêmica especializada sobre crianças-soldado, o trabalho de alguns órgãos da ONU e o trabalho de algumas ONGs que abordam o tema.
In this research, we argue that the international discussion around the use of child soldiers was based on some narratives. By narratives, we refer to stories constructed, told and retold, with the aim of creating a truth, a version of events, an argument of how events occurred. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that the discussion about child soldiers, especially since the 1990s, was based on a dominant narrative that is supported by three pillars: the power relations between North and South, the liberal thought and the security perspective. These three aspects form lines of arguments that build a narrative about child soldiers, since they influence the ways of seeing the children themselves and the parts that employ them. More than that, the construction of a narrative about child soldiers based on this tripod strengthens the consolidation of a development model that instrumentalizes the child soldier as a security issue intrinsic to the Global South and thus strengthens the need for intervention in “Failed States”. On the other hand, we also recognize that there is a contestation of this narrative and attempts to construct other explanations on the subject. In order to analyze the way in which such narratives were constructed, we will analyze the specialized bibliography on child soldiers, the work of some UN organs and the work of some NGOs that address the theme.
In this research, we argue that the international discussion around the use of child soldiers was based on some narratives. By narratives, we refer to stories constructed, told and retold, with the aim of creating a truth, a version of events, an argument of how events occurred. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that the discussion about child soldiers, especially since the 1990s, was based on a dominant narrative that is supported by three pillars: the power relations between North and South, the liberal thought and the security perspective. These three aspects form lines of arguments that build a narrative about child soldiers, since they influence the ways of seeing the children themselves and the parts that employ them. More than that, the construction of a narrative about child soldiers based on this tripod strengthens the consolidation of a development model that instrumentalizes the child soldier as a security issue intrinsic to the Global South and thus strengthens the need for intervention in “Failed States”. On the other hand, we also recognize that there is a contestation of this narrative and attempts to construct other explanations on the subject. In order to analyze the way in which such narratives were constructed, we will analyze the specialized bibliography on child soldiers, the work of some UN organs and the work of some NGOs that address the theme.
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Palavras-chave
Crianças-soldado, Narrativas, Segurança Internacional, Child soldiers, Narratives, International security