Tristeza: desencadeadores e associações com autoestima, ruminação e autorregulação emocional
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Data
2020-02-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aspectos influenciadores no desenvolvimento humano incluem a interação de fatores ambientais e inatos, como a constituição histórica e biológica do indivíduo, envolvendo compartilhamento de experiências e características individuais nas quais estabelecem e modificam pensamentos, emoções e comportamentos de pessoas e grupos de forma dinâmica. Nesse sentido, as emoções pertenceriam a condições biológicas inatas universais, equivalentes a uma comunicação passível de ser compreendida em qualquer cultura, tendo funções importantes no processo evolutivo. A tristeza, enquanto emoção básica, é uma das mais intensas da vida humana comparada às outras, a qual nem sempre possui aspectos negativos. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar e analisar os desencadeadores de tristeza, o interesse dos indivíduos por estímulos com conteúdo triste (música, filmes e notícias), além de testar o modelo preditivo tendo a autoestima, autorregulação emocional e ruminação como preditoras e a tristeza como variável dependente, comparando os resultados entre homens e mulheres. Para responder os objetivos, foram realizados dois estudos: o primeiro, de caráter descritivo e comparativo, e o segundo, de caráter exploratório e comparativo. Os resultados mostraram que a tristeza pode ser desencadeada por diversos fatores, como questões financeiras, trabalho, estudo, relações interpessoais e perdas, se assemelhando com dados de pesquisas realizadas em outras culturas. Ademais, muitos participantes disseram ter interesse em experienciar estímulos como músicas e filmes tristes, justificando obter redução do sofrimento emocional. Tal preferência também pode ser justificada pelo controle e predição daquilo que vão entrar em contato. Na comparação entre os sexos para a preferência pelos estímulos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas, bem como não houve diferença nas variáveis: autoestima, autorregulação emocional e ruminação no segundo estudo, pois somente a tristeza apresentou significância na comparação entre os sexos, em que as mulheres tiveram maior nível. Ainda, os dados de regressão linear indicaram que a ruminação é a variável que mais explica a variabilidade nos níveis de tristeza. Considerando os dados apresentados, conclui-se que compreender as emoções é fundamental em termos de teoria e prática, pois mesmo que as emoções sejam compreendidas como negativas e desagradáveis, elas também podem motivar a busca para o tratamento psicológico, auxiliando o indivíduo em sua saúde mental.
Influencing aspects of human development include the interaction of environmental and innate factors, such as the individual's historical and biological constitution, involving the sharing of experiences and individual characteristics in which they dynamically establish and modify the thoughts, emotions and behaviors of people and groups. In this way, emotions belong to universal innate biological conditions, equivalent to a communication that can be understood in any culture, having important functions in the evolutionary process. Sadness, as a basic emotion, is one of the most intense in human life compared to others, which does not always have negative aspects. Thus, the objectives of this work were to identify and analyze the triggers of sadness, the interest of individuals in stimuli with sad content (music, films and news), in addition to testing the predictive model with self-esteem, emotional self-regulation and rumination as predictors and sadness as a dependent variable, comparing the results between men and women. To answer the objectives, two studies were carried out: the first, descriptive and comparative, and the second, exploratory and comparative. The results showed that sadness can be triggered by several factors, such as financial issues, work, study, interpersonal relationships and losses, similar to data from research conducted in other cultures. In addition, many participants said they were interested in experiencing stimuli such as sad songs and movies, justifying obtaining a reduction in emotional suffering. Such preference can also be justified by the control and prediction of what they will contact. In the comparison between the sexes for the preference for stimuli, no significant differences were observed, as well as there was no difference in the variables: self-esteem, emotional self-regulation and rumination in the second study, since only sadness showed significance in the comparison between the sexes, in which the women had a higher level. In addition, linear regression data indicated that rumination is the variable that most explains the variability in sadness levels. Considering the data presented, it is concluded that understanding emotions is fundamental in terms of theory and practice, because even though emotions are understood as negative and unpleasant, they can also motivate the search for psychological treatment, helping the individual in their health mental.
Influencing aspects of human development include the interaction of environmental and innate factors, such as the individual's historical and biological constitution, involving the sharing of experiences and individual characteristics in which they dynamically establish and modify the thoughts, emotions and behaviors of people and groups. In this way, emotions belong to universal innate biological conditions, equivalent to a communication that can be understood in any culture, having important functions in the evolutionary process. Sadness, as a basic emotion, is one of the most intense in human life compared to others, which does not always have negative aspects. Thus, the objectives of this work were to identify and analyze the triggers of sadness, the interest of individuals in stimuli with sad content (music, films and news), in addition to testing the predictive model with self-esteem, emotional self-regulation and rumination as predictors and sadness as a dependent variable, comparing the results between men and women. To answer the objectives, two studies were carried out: the first, descriptive and comparative, and the second, exploratory and comparative. The results showed that sadness can be triggered by several factors, such as financial issues, work, study, interpersonal relationships and losses, similar to data from research conducted in other cultures. In addition, many participants said they were interested in experiencing stimuli such as sad songs and movies, justifying obtaining a reduction in emotional suffering. Such preference can also be justified by the control and prediction of what they will contact. In the comparison between the sexes for the preference for stimuli, no significant differences were observed, as well as there was no difference in the variables: self-esteem, emotional self-regulation and rumination in the second study, since only sadness showed significance in the comparison between the sexes, in which the women had a higher level. In addition, linear regression data indicated that rumination is the variable that most explains the variability in sadness levels. Considering the data presented, it is concluded that understanding emotions is fundamental in terms of theory and practice, because even though emotions are understood as negative and unpleasant, they can also motivate the search for psychological treatment, helping the individual in their health mental.
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Palavras-chave
Tristeza, Autoestima, Ruminação, Autorregulação Emocional, Sadness, Self-esteem, Rumination, Emotional self-regulation