Modelos e parâmetros dos variogramas em diferentes compartimentos da pedodiversidade: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise
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Data
2020-02-27
Autores
Muniz, Yasmin Sampaio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Faz-se necessário realizar um bom planejamento amostral, para detalhar melhor as características do solo e para uma melhor tomada de decisão, seja ela ambiental, agronômica ou até mesmo pedológica. Os fatores de formação do solo, especificamente geologia condiciona diferente padrões de variabilidade. Portanto, é interessante que para cada contexto desses fatores, se tenha um planejamento amostral adequado. Com base nos diferentes compartimentos da pedodiversidade, com este estudo objetivou-se fazer uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise para propor diferentes planos e densidades amostrais de atributos do solo. Esse trabalho utilizou dados legados, tomando-se a metodologia de meta-análise. Foram filtrados os trabalhos realizados no Brasil, possuem relação com a temática proposta neste trabalho e apresentam o alcance de cada atributo estudado na base de teses e dissertações a CAPES e na Plataforma Scopus. Devido ao grande número de atributos encontrados, optou-se por utilizar os alcances dos variogramas para pH, MO, CTC, V% e argila para os seis materiais de origem (arenito, basalto, transição arenito-basalto, gnaisse, granito e mármore) e seis classes de solos (Argissolo, Latossolo, Cambissolo, Plintossolo, Planossolo e Neossolo) já que esse foram os atributos encontrados com mais frequência. Após análise criteriosa dos trabalhos, foi construída uma planilha eletrônica com o contexto da pedodiversidade, clima, coordenadas geográficas, alcance do variograma dos atributos do solo. Foram feitos gráficos boxplot em função do solo e geologia com as medidas dos alcances encontrados nos variogramas. O modelo de variograma mais observado foi o esférico seguido pelo exponencial. A transição arenito-basalto apresentou os maiores valores de medianas (pH= 1045,5 m, MO= 1339 m, CTC= 1200 m, V%= 545,1 m e argila= 1284 m) para os atributos avaliados. A classe de solos dos Latossolo apresentou maiores valores medianos de alcances para os atributos pH (121,2 m), MO (118,25 m), V% (245,5 m) e argila (290 m). Já o Argissolo apresentou maiores valores medianos para o alcance da CTC (326 m). Tanto o tipo de rocha quanto a classe de solo influenciam no alcance do variograma quando se estuda os atributos do solo (pH, MO. CTC, V% e argila). Esses fatores devem ser levados em consideração, quando se deseja fazer um planejamento estratégico para se realizar um manejo específico na área.
It is necessary to carry out a good sample planning, to better detail the characteristics of the soil and for better decision making, be it environmental, agronomic or even pedological. The factors of soil formation, specifically geology, condition different patterns of variability. Therefore, it is interesting that for each context of these factors, there is an adequate sample planning. Based on the different pedodiversity compartments, this study aimed to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to propose different plans and sample densities of soil attributes. This work used legacy data, using the meta-analysis methodology. The works carried out in Brazil were filtered, are related to the theme proposed in this work and present the scope of each attribute studied on the basis of theses and dissertations to CAPES and the Scopus Platform. Due to the large number of attributes found, it was decided to use the ranges of the variograms for pH, MO, CTC, V% and clay for the six original materials (sandstone, basalt, sandstone-basalt transition, gneiss, granite and marble) and six classes of soils (Argisol, Latosol, Cambisol, Plintossol, Planossol and Neossol) since these were the attributes found most frequently. After careful analysis of the works, an electronic spreadsheet was built with the context of pedodiversity, climate, geographic coordinates, range of the soil attributes variogram. Boxplot graphs were made according to the soil and geology with the measurements of the ranges found in the variograms. The most observed variogram model was the spherical one followed by the exponential. The sandstone-basalt transition showed the highest median values (pH = 1045.5 m, MO = 1339 m, CTC = 1200 m, V% = 545.1 m and clay = 1284 m) for the evaluated attributes. The soil class of the Oxisol showed higher median values of reach for the attributes pH (121.2 m), MO (118.25 m), V% (245.5 m) and clay (290 m). The Argisol, on the other hand, presented higher median values for the CTC reach (326 m). Both the type of rock and the class of soil influence the range of the variogram when studying soil attributes (pH, MO. CTC, V% and clay). These factors must be taken into account, when it is desired to make a strategic planning to carry out a specific management in the area.
It is necessary to carry out a good sample planning, to better detail the characteristics of the soil and for better decision making, be it environmental, agronomic or even pedological. The factors of soil formation, specifically geology, condition different patterns of variability. Therefore, it is interesting that for each context of these factors, there is an adequate sample planning. Based on the different pedodiversity compartments, this study aimed to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to propose different plans and sample densities of soil attributes. This work used legacy data, using the meta-analysis methodology. The works carried out in Brazil were filtered, are related to the theme proposed in this work and present the scope of each attribute studied on the basis of theses and dissertations to CAPES and the Scopus Platform. Due to the large number of attributes found, it was decided to use the ranges of the variograms for pH, MO, CTC, V% and clay for the six original materials (sandstone, basalt, sandstone-basalt transition, gneiss, granite and marble) and six classes of soils (Argisol, Latosol, Cambisol, Plintossol, Planossol and Neossol) since these were the attributes found most frequently. After careful analysis of the works, an electronic spreadsheet was built with the context of pedodiversity, climate, geographic coordinates, range of the soil attributes variogram. Boxplot graphs were made according to the soil and geology with the measurements of the ranges found in the variograms. The most observed variogram model was the spherical one followed by the exponential. The sandstone-basalt transition showed the highest median values (pH = 1045.5 m, MO = 1339 m, CTC = 1200 m, V% = 545.1 m and clay = 1284 m) for the evaluated attributes. The soil class of the Oxisol showed higher median values of reach for the attributes pH (121.2 m), MO (118.25 m), V% (245.5 m) and clay (290 m). The Argisol, on the other hand, presented higher median values for the CTC reach (326 m). Both the type of rock and the class of soil influence the range of the variogram when studying soil attributes (pH, MO. CTC, V% and clay). These factors must be taken into account, when it is desired to make a strategic planning to carry out a specific management in the area.
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Palavras-chave
Atributos do solo, Geoestatística, Pedometria