Status sanitário da produção de lambari-do-rabo-amarelo Astyanax lacustris
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Margarido, Yvana Melyssa Mandú
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre os peixes nativos com potencial para a piscicultura, destaca-se o Astyanax lacustris, espécie de pequeno porte, pelágica, com hábito alimentar onívoro e amplamente distribuída nas bacias hidrográficas neotropicais. Esta espécie é comum na região sudeste do Brasil e têm se destacado pelo potencial para a produção comercial. Todavia, a intensificação da produção tem acarretado problemas de saúde, principalmente causados por parasitos, em que relatos sobre o status sanitário da espécie são escassos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais parasitos que afetam o A. lacustris e determinar os índices ecológicos do parasitismo. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Parasitologia de Organismos Aquáticos, do Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (LAPOA) em parceria com pisciculturas comerciais de lambari, localizadas no município de Buritizal/SP e Jaboticabal/SP. Para tanto, 270 peixes foram submetidos ao exame parasitológico através de raspado da pele e brânquias, análise de órgãos internos, como fígado, rim, cérebro e trato gastrointestinal, sendo este material observado em microscópio. Foi verificada a ocorrência de protozoário ciliado (tricodinídeos), protozoário mastigóforo (Piscinoodinium pillulare), nematódeos cistos de mixosporídeos e monogenéticos. A maior prevalência foi de tricodinídeos, sendo a espécie Tricodina heterodentata primeiramente relatada no lambari como ectoparasito e os mixosporídeos (Henneguya sp.) como endoparasitos. Após análise das variáveis limnológicas da água, pode-se observar elevada concentração de fósforo, justificando a necessidade de intervenções e mudanças no manejo das pisciculturas para ajustar o ambiente as condições adequadas para o desenvolvimento e manutenção da saúde dos peixes, pois a qualidade da água inadequada favorece o aparecimento de doenças parasitárias, que são uma grande preocupação na piscicultura, pois resultam em perdas diretas e indiretas. O controle eficaz das doenças depende do manejo sanitário integrado, que considera o hospedeiro, o meio ambiente, os parasitas e a prática adequada de criação.
Among the native fish with potential for aquaculture, Astyanax lacustris stands out, a small, pelagic species with an omnivorous dietary and widely distributed in neotropical watersheds. This species is common in the southeastern region of Brazil and has stood out for its potencial for commercial production has caused health problems, mainly caused by parasites in which reports about the health status os the species are scarce. Thus, this study aims to identify the main parasites affecting A. lacustris and to determine the ecological indices of parasitism. The study was developed at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms of the UNESP Aquaculture Center (LAPOA) in partnership with commercial lambari fish farms, located in Buritizal/SP and Jaboticabal/SP. For this purpose, 270 fish were submitted to parasitological examination through skin scraping and gills, analysis of internal organs, such as liver, kidney, brain and gastrointestinal tract, this material being observed under a microscope. The ocurrence of ciliated protozoan (trichodina), mastigophore protozoan (Piscinoodinium pillulare), nematodes, myxozoa cysts and monogenetic were found. The highest prevalence was observed by parasitism of trichodinids as ectoparasites, being Trichodina heterodentata as the first species related to A. lacustris and myxozoa (Henneguya sp.) as endoparasites. The results of water analyzes, especially the high phosphorus level, may indicate the need for intervetions and changes in the management of fish farms to adjust the enviroment, such as the conditions of use development of fish with good health, with poor quality water. The emergence of parasitic diseases, wich are a major concern in fish farming, resulting in direct and indirect damage. Effective disease control depends on integrated health management, wich considers the host, enviroment, parasites and husbandry practices appropriate.
Among the native fish with potential for aquaculture, Astyanax lacustris stands out, a small, pelagic species with an omnivorous dietary and widely distributed in neotropical watersheds. This species is common in the southeastern region of Brazil and has stood out for its potencial for commercial production has caused health problems, mainly caused by parasites in which reports about the health status os the species are scarce. Thus, this study aims to identify the main parasites affecting A. lacustris and to determine the ecological indices of parasitism. The study was developed at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms of the UNESP Aquaculture Center (LAPOA) in partnership with commercial lambari fish farms, located in Buritizal/SP and Jaboticabal/SP. For this purpose, 270 fish were submitted to parasitological examination through skin scraping and gills, analysis of internal organs, such as liver, kidney, brain and gastrointestinal tract, this material being observed under a microscope. The ocurrence of ciliated protozoan (trichodina), mastigophore protozoan (Piscinoodinium pillulare), nematodes, myxozoa cysts and monogenetic were found. The highest prevalence was observed by parasitism of trichodinids as ectoparasites, being Trichodina heterodentata as the first species related to A. lacustris and myxozoa (Henneguya sp.) as endoparasites. The results of water analyzes, especially the high phosphorus level, may indicate the need for intervetions and changes in the management of fish farms to adjust the enviroment, such as the conditions of use development of fish with good health, with poor quality water. The emergence of parasitic diseases, wich are a major concern in fish farming, resulting in direct and indirect damage. Effective disease control depends on integrated health management, wich considers the host, enviroment, parasites and husbandry practices appropriate.
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Palavras-chave
Aquicultura, Lambari, Parasito, Saúde, Sanidade