Potencial toxicogenômico do contaminante ambiental 2-fenilbenzotriazol-9 não clorado (non-Cl PBTA-9) in vivo
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Data
2020-03-02
Autores
Tanamachi, Amanda Rodrigues A. R. [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O setor industrial, em constante expansão, gera, diariamente, resíduos com elevado potencial tóxico ao ambiente. Nesse contexto, a indústria têxtil apresenta grande impacto poluidor para a hidrosfera, devido aos compostos e processos químicos utilizados na coloração de tecidos. A literatura mostra que não há eficiência na remoção desses compostos, tanto por parte das fábricas, como em Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETAs) para o abastecimento humano. Pelo contrário, o processo de descontaminação pode tornar corantes do grupo azo, por exemplo, ainda mais tóxicos. Portanto, a poluição ambiental por essa classe de corantes vem sendo alvo de inúmeros estudos para a caracterização química e toxicológica, sobretudo dos subprodutos e intermediários gerados, dentre os quais os 2-fenilbenzotraizóis não clorados (non-Cl PBTA). Dentre eles, o non-Cl PBTA-9 tem recebido especial atenção por ser derivado do corante Disperse Violet 93, que tem sido detectado em maior quantidade nos corpos fluviais sob influência de atividades têxteis. Com base nesse cenário, o presente estudo objetivou investigar o potencial toxicogenômico do non-Cl PBTA-9 em camundongos. Foram testadas três concentrações do composto, 5, 50 e 500 μg/kg p.c., administradas aos animais por via gástrica (gavage) em dose única. Foram analisadas as frequências de micronúcleo em células de medula óssea, o nível de danos primários no DNA em células do sangue, fígado e cólon, além do padrão de expressão dos genes TP53, CYP1A1, NAT2 e CDKN1A e histologia do fígado. Os resultados mostraram que o non-Cl PBTA-9 apresentou efeito genotóxico em células do sangue periférico e do fígado na dose de 500 μg/kg p.c, além de ser genotóxico nas doses de 5, 50 e 500 μg/kg em células do cólon. O efeito mutagênico em células da medula óssea foi observado apenas nas doses de 5 e 50 μg/kg p.c e não foi encontrada nenhuma alteração histológica e na expressão gênica no fígado. Diantes desses achados pode-se concluir que o non-Cl-PBTA-9, subproduto do corante azo DV93, mesmo em baixas concentrações, foi genotóxico e mutagênico, sugerindo que a contaminação da água por esse composto pode ser prejudicial ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana.
The constantly expanding industrial sector has been generating residues with high toxic potential to the environment. The textile industry has a heavily impact, polluting the hydrosphere due to chemical processes used. Literature shows that even after effluent treatment, toxic compounds are still present in the wastewater and in rivers. Moreover, the water decontamination can make some dyes compounds even more toxics. Currently, environmental pollution caused by azo dyes, their byproducts and intermediates, has been widely investigated. In this sense, the non-chlorinated 2-phenilbenzotriazole 9 (non-Cl PBTA 9) has received attention because it is derived from the dye Disperse Violet 93, which is detected in high quantity in surface waters under influence of textile activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxicogenomic potential of acute exposure to the non-chlorinated PBTA-9 in mice. The three doses tested (5, 50 and 500 μg/kg body weight) of the compound were orally (gavage) administered to the animals. Micronucleus frequency in bone marrow cells, primary DNA damage in blood, liver and colon cells, and gene (TP53, CYP1A1, NAT2 and CDKN1A) expression profiling in liver cells were analyzed. The results showed that the non-Cl PBTA 9 was genotoxic in blood and liver cells at the highest dose (500 μg/kg b.w.) and at doses of 5, 50 and 500 μg/kg b.w. in colon cells. Mutagenic effect in bone marrow cells was observed at 5 and 50 μg/kg b.w.. No histological alterations and gene expression modulation were detected in liver. In conclusion, the data showed that the non-Cl PBTA 9, byproduct of DV93, even at low concentrations, presented a genotoxic potential, suggesting that water contamination by this compound may be harmful to the environment and human health.
The constantly expanding industrial sector has been generating residues with high toxic potential to the environment. The textile industry has a heavily impact, polluting the hydrosphere due to chemical processes used. Literature shows that even after effluent treatment, toxic compounds are still present in the wastewater and in rivers. Moreover, the water decontamination can make some dyes compounds even more toxics. Currently, environmental pollution caused by azo dyes, their byproducts and intermediates, has been widely investigated. In this sense, the non-chlorinated 2-phenilbenzotriazole 9 (non-Cl PBTA 9) has received attention because it is derived from the dye Disperse Violet 93, which is detected in high quantity in surface waters under influence of textile activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxicogenomic potential of acute exposure to the non-chlorinated PBTA-9 in mice. The three doses tested (5, 50 and 500 μg/kg body weight) of the compound were orally (gavage) administered to the animals. Micronucleus frequency in bone marrow cells, primary DNA damage in blood, liver and colon cells, and gene (TP53, CYP1A1, NAT2 and CDKN1A) expression profiling in liver cells were analyzed. The results showed that the non-Cl PBTA 9 was genotoxic in blood and liver cells at the highest dose (500 μg/kg b.w.) and at doses of 5, 50 and 500 μg/kg b.w. in colon cells. Mutagenic effect in bone marrow cells was observed at 5 and 50 μg/kg b.w.. No histological alterations and gene expression modulation were detected in liver. In conclusion, the data showed that the non-Cl PBTA 9, byproduct of DV93, even at low concentrations, presented a genotoxic potential, suggesting that water contamination by this compound may be harmful to the environment and human health.
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Toxicologia ambiental, Toxicologia, Toxicology, Mutagenese, Genética, Genetics