Formação de monitores ambientais em um espaço não formal: análise de potencialidades
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Data
2020-03-27
Autores
Ferrari, Thamires Keila Silva
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar, segundo alguns pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vigotski e da Educação Ambiental, os limites e/ou potencialidades de um processo formativo de monitores, desenvolvido em um espaço não formal de ensino. De natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa teve como sujeitos estudantes do Ensino Médio, da rede pública estadual de ensino, participantes do projeto Clube da Mata que concluíram um processo formativo, composto por curso de formação e atuação em monitorias, oferecidas a estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Esta formação ocorreu na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, mediante a parceria entre a Prefeitura Municipal de São Manuel, cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, e a Unesp, campus de Botucatu. Com o intuito de verificar a sua contribuição para a ampliação e/ou modificação de concepções, perspectivas e ações socioambientais destes monitores, os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram questionários impressos, com questões abertas, e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para tanto, a coleta foi realizada em três etapas distintas: aplicação de questionário aos participantes antes da realização do curso, tendo um caráter diagnóstico; aplicação de questionário aos participantes após o curso, tendo um caráter comparativo; e, entrevista com os participantes que atuaram como monitores voluntários. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da técnica Análise Temática do método Análise de Conteúdo, segundo o desenvolvimento proposto por Bardin (2011). Os resultados demonstraram que somente a participação no curso de formação proposto, desconsiderando a atuação em monitorias, já contribuiu significativamente para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, vivências e habilidades dos sujeitos uma vez que, na análise comparativa dos questionários, foram observados nos participantes: modificações das concepções de Educação Ambiental; apropriação de conceitos e conhecimentos científicos; e, alteração da percepção em relação ao projeto Clube da Mata. Ainda, após a atuação em monitorias, as concepções, perspectivas e ações socioambientais dos participantes foram ampliadas e/ou modificadas positivamente já que, por meio da análise das entrevistas, foram constatados vestígios de criticidade bem como alterações em perspectivas e atitudes relacionadas ao meio. Assim, os resultados evidenciaram o encaminhamento para um trabalho eficiente em Educação Ambiental. Portanto, foram comprovadas as potencialidades do processo formativo, desenvolvido em um espaço não formal de ensino, na formação socioambiental de estudantes. Sugere-se a manutenção do projeto analisado e que o método de avaliação, desenvolvido e aplicado na pesquisa, seja utilizado em processos formativos semelhantes visando o aprimoramento e a continuidade destes.
This research aimed to analyze, according to some assumptions of Vigotski's Historical-Cultural Theory and Environmental Education, the limits and / or potentialities of a training process for monitors, developed in a non-formal teaching space. Qualitative in nature, the research had as subjects high school students, from the state public school system, participants in the Clube da Mata project who completed a training process, consisting of a training course and performance in monitoring, offered to students in the early years of the Elementary School. This training took place at Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, through a partnership between the Municipality of São Manuel, a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, and Unesp, the Botucatu campus. In order to verify their contribution to the expansion and / or modification of the concepts, perspectives and socioenvironmental actions of these monitors, the data collection instruments were printed questionnaires, with open questions, and semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, the collection was carried out in three distinct stages: application of a questionnaire to the participants before the course took place, having a diagnostic character; applying a questionnaire to participants after the course, having a comparative character; and, interview with the participants who acted as volunteer monitors. The data obtained were analyzed using the Thematic Analysis technique of the Content Analysis method, according to the development proposed by Bardin (2011). The results showed that only the participation in the proposed training course, disregarding the performance in monitoring, has already significantly contributed to the development of knowledge, experiences and skills of the subjects since, in the comparative analysis of the questionnaires, the following were observed in the participants: conceptions of Environmental Education; appropriation of scientific concepts and knowledge; and, change in perception regarding the Clube da Mata project. Still, after working in monitoring, the participants' conceptions, perspectives and socioenvironmental actions were positively expanded and / or modified since, through the analysis of the interviews, traces of criticality were verified as well as changes in perspectives and attitudes related to the environment. Thus, the results showed the direction for an efficient work in Environmental Education. Therefore, the potentialities of the training process, developed in a non-formal teaching space, in the socioenvironmental training of students were proven. It is suggested that the analyzed project be maintained and that the evaluation method, developed and applied in the research, be used in similar training processes aiming at their improvement and continuity.
This research aimed to analyze, according to some assumptions of Vigotski's Historical-Cultural Theory and Environmental Education, the limits and / or potentialities of a training process for monitors, developed in a non-formal teaching space. Qualitative in nature, the research had as subjects high school students, from the state public school system, participants in the Clube da Mata project who completed a training process, consisting of a training course and performance in monitoring, offered to students in the early years of the Elementary School. This training took place at Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, through a partnership between the Municipality of São Manuel, a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, and Unesp, the Botucatu campus. In order to verify their contribution to the expansion and / or modification of the concepts, perspectives and socioenvironmental actions of these monitors, the data collection instruments were printed questionnaires, with open questions, and semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, the collection was carried out in three distinct stages: application of a questionnaire to the participants before the course took place, having a diagnostic character; applying a questionnaire to participants after the course, having a comparative character; and, interview with the participants who acted as volunteer monitors. The data obtained were analyzed using the Thematic Analysis technique of the Content Analysis method, according to the development proposed by Bardin (2011). The results showed that only the participation in the proposed training course, disregarding the performance in monitoring, has already significantly contributed to the development of knowledge, experiences and skills of the subjects since, in the comparative analysis of the questionnaires, the following were observed in the participants: conceptions of Environmental Education; appropriation of scientific concepts and knowledge; and, change in perception regarding the Clube da Mata project. Still, after working in monitoring, the participants' conceptions, perspectives and socioenvironmental actions were positively expanded and / or modified since, through the analysis of the interviews, traces of criticality were verified as well as changes in perspectives and attitudes related to the environment. Thus, the results showed the direction for an efficient work in Environmental Education. Therefore, the potentialities of the training process, developed in a non-formal teaching space, in the socioenvironmental training of students were proven. It is suggested that the analyzed project be maintained and that the evaluation method, developed and applied in the research, be used in similar training processes aiming at their improvement and continuity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação Ambiental, Espaços não formais, Formação de monitores, Teoria de Vigotski, Environmental Education, Non-formal spaces, Training of monitors, Vigotski's Theory