Utilização de areia descartada de fundição e resíduos inorgânicos de indústria de papel e celulose – grits e lama de cal – na produção de materiais vitrocerâmicos
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Data
2019-11-28
Autores
Silva, Leila Maria Sotocorno e [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A falta de sincronismo entre o desenvolvimento industrial e a conscientização ambiental trouxe inúmeros impactos adversos ao meio ambiente. A quantidade de resíduos industriais gerados diariamente aumenta, enquanto a adoção de sistemas de gerenciamento ainda falha em muitos aspectos. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver materiais vitrocerâmicos através da mistura de Areia Descartada de Fundição (ADF) com resíduos sólidos oriundos da indústria de papel e celulose (grits e lama de cal), visando o desenvolvimento de novos produtos que sejam ecologicamente corretos. Os materiais vitrocerâmicos obtidos a partir da cristalização do vidro com os resíduos de ADF, grits e lama de cal foram preparados utilizando o método tradicional, de fusão do composto, para a produção dos vidros; e, posterior cristalização, para obtenção das vitrocerâmicas. De acordo com a composição química dos materiais precursores e das misturas, os vidros foram obtidos à temperatura de 1450 °C. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas principais: caracterização dos materiais precursores e preparação e caracterização dos vidros e vitrocerâmicas. Os estudos de caracterizações foram feitos através das técnicas de análises granulométrica, morfológica, mineralógica, química, térmicas e tecnológicas. Foram obtidos 6 materiais vítreos distintos, intitulados de vidros I, II, III, IV, V e VI. Os vidros foram caracterizados por Difração de Raios X (DRX), Fluorescência de Raios X (FRX) e análise de calorimetria exploratória. Após a identificação dos picos de cristalização de cada um dos vidros, foi feito o tratamento térmico (temperaturas superiores às identificadas nos picos), por uma hora. Os vidros I e IV apresentaram 3 picos de cristalização, os vidros II e V apresentaram 2 picos de cristalização e as amostras III e VI apresentaram apenas 1 pico de cristalização, ou seja, totalizando 12 tratamentos térmicos distintos. Através da análise dos difratogramas de cada uma das 12 pastilhas de vitrocerâmica, foi possível identificar a presença dasfases pseudowollastonita, β-wollastonita e cristobalita em todas elas. A porosidade das amostras ficou dentro do intervalo de 0,28 a 1,82%, a absorção de água variou de 0,16 a 0,88%, enquanto a massa específica aparente variou de 2,0 a 2,5 g/cm3 . A retração linear variou de 6,96 a 13,30%. Foi possível concluir que as ADFs e os resíduos de celulose – grits e lama de cal, mostraram-se viáveis para serem utilizados como matéria-prima para a fabricação de materiais vítreos e vitrocerâmicos.
The lack of synchronism between industrial development and environmental awareness has brought numerous adverse impacts to the environment. The amount of industrial waste generated daily increases, while the adoption of management systems still fails in many ways. Thus, the main objective of this work is to develop glass-ceramic materials by mixing Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) with solid residues from the cellulose and paper industry (grits and lime mud), aiming at the development of new products that are environmentally friendly. The glass were obtained using the traditional melting-quenching method. The produced glasses were controlled by the crystallization process to obtain the glass-ceramics materials. According to the chemical composition of the precursor materials and the chemical composition of the mixtures, the glasses were fused at 1450 °C. The work was developed in two main stages: characterization of the precursor materials and preparation and characterization of glasses and glass-ceramics. The characterization studies were made through the techniques of particle size, morphological, mineralogical, chemical, thermal and technological analysis. Six distinct vitreous materials were obtained, entitled glasses I, II, III, IV, V and VI. The glasses were characterized by the analysis of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorecence (XRF) and differential scanning calorimetry. After identifying the crystallization peaks of each glass, heat treatment was given (temperatures higher than those identified peaks) for one hour. Glasses I and IV showed 3 crystallization peaks, glasses II and V showed 2 crystallization peaks and samples III and VI showed only 1 crystallization peak. By analyzing the XRD of each of the 12 glass-ceramic samples, it was possible to identify the presence of the pseudowollastonite, βwollastonite and cristobalite phases in all of them.
The lack of synchronism between industrial development and environmental awareness has brought numerous adverse impacts to the environment. The amount of industrial waste generated daily increases, while the adoption of management systems still fails in many ways. Thus, the main objective of this work is to develop glass-ceramic materials by mixing Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) with solid residues from the cellulose and paper industry (grits and lime mud), aiming at the development of new products that are environmentally friendly. The glass were obtained using the traditional melting-quenching method. The produced glasses were controlled by the crystallization process to obtain the glass-ceramics materials. According to the chemical composition of the precursor materials and the chemical composition of the mixtures, the glasses were fused at 1450 °C. The work was developed in two main stages: characterization of the precursor materials and preparation and characterization of glasses and glass-ceramics. The characterization studies were made through the techniques of particle size, morphological, mineralogical, chemical, thermal and technological analysis. Six distinct vitreous materials were obtained, entitled glasses I, II, III, IV, V and VI. The glasses were characterized by the analysis of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorecence (XRF) and differential scanning calorimetry. After identifying the crystallization peaks of each glass, heat treatment was given (temperatures higher than those identified peaks) for one hour. Glasses I and IV showed 3 crystallization peaks, glasses II and V showed 2 crystallization peaks and samples III and VI showed only 1 crystallization peak. By analyzing the XRD of each of the 12 glass-ceramic samples, it was possible to identify the presence of the pseudowollastonite, βwollastonite and cristobalite phases in all of them.
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Palavras-chave
Areia descartada de fundição, Celulose, Vitrocerâmica, Wollastonita, Cristobalita, Waste foundry sand, Cellulose, Glass-ceramic, Wollastonite, Cristobalite