Diagnóstico da gestão dos resíduos da construção e demolição no município de Bauru
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Data
2020-04-29
Autores
Lamônica, Celso Henrique
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da geração dos resíduos sólidos é um dos grandes desafios em toda parte do planeta. Em 2018 o índice global de geração de resíduos foi de 0,74 kg por habitante por dia e, em termos absolutos, a perspectiva até 2050 é de uma geração anual de 3,40 bilhões de toneladas. O impacto ambiental negativo deste fenômeno em cidades de países em desenvolvimento fica evidente com a escassez dos aterros sanitários e o descarte irregular de resíduos, causando problemas de saúde pública e desastres de todas as ordens. Neste contexto, o setor da construção civil responde pelo total de até 30% dos depósitos em aterros no mundo e desta forma, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de realizar um diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos da construção civil no município de Bauru/SP, baseando-se em informações fornecidas pelos atores envolvidos e em visitas a locais de armazenamento, triagem, reciclagem e disposição final. A pesquisa se justifica pela necessidade de avaliar as estratégias de mitigação de impactos ambientais negativos derivados destes resíduos, a partir da reconstrução da realidade no município. Como resultados gerais, foi evidenciado que o município de Bauru/SP, desde 2011, conta com uma legislação específica para o tratamento ambientalmente adequado do RCD, e que construiu em parceria com o setor privado, uma estrutura logística ampla, para atender a coleta e o recebimento destes resíduos abrangendo todo o município. Para os pequenos geradores, 8 locais chamados Ecopontos, coletaram 9.424 m³ de RCD no ano de 2019, enquanto os locais cadastrados para receber os grandes volumes gerados pelos médios e grandes geradores, acusaram o recebimento de 152.800 m³ de RCD. Ao todo, o município contabilizou o total de 210.873 toneladas de RCD no ano de 2019, atingindo o índice de 1,53 kg/hab.dia, acima do índice de 0,726 kg/hab.dia para região sudeste, uma indicação que o setor da construção civil no município de Bauru, cresceu acima da média desta região no ano de 2019. Desta forma, a aplicação intensiva de agregados reciclados como forma de reduzir os impactos nocivos ao meio ambiente, provocados pelas atividades da construção civil, é altamente recomendada, tendo em vista os benefícios da reciclagem em grande escala que se viabiliza na interação dos setores público e privado.
The increasingly large generation of solid waste is one of the greatest challenges worldwide. In 2018, global waste generation rate was 0.74 kg daily per inhabitant and, in absolute terms, there’s a prospect of 3.40 billion tons being produced annualy by the year 2050. The negative environmental impact of this phenomenon in cities from developing countries is evident considering the scarcity of landfills and the irregular waste disposal, which cause public health issues and hazards of all kinds. In this context, civil construction sector accounts for a total of up to 30% of landfill deposits in the world, hence the present work had the goal of carrying out a diagnosis of construction industry solid waste management in the city of Bauru/SP, based on information provided by the agentes involved and visits to storage, sorting, recycling and final disposal sites. This research is justified by the need to evaluate strategies that mitigate negative environmental impact originated from this sort of waste, following the reconstruction of reality in the city. The results found from this research have shown that the city of Bauru/SP, since 2011, has had a specific legislation regarding environmentally adequate treatment of construction and domolition waste (CDW) and that it has built, in partnership with the private sector, a broad logistics to meet the demand of transportation for this waste citywide. For the smaller waste generators, 8 disposal locations called “Ecopoints” have collected 9,424 m³ of CDW in 2019, while the sites registered to receive large volumes have collected 152,800 m³ of CDW. Altogether, the city accounted for a total of 210.873 tons of CDW in 2019 and has reached a rate of 1.53 kg per inhabitants per day, above the rate of 0.726 kg per inhabitants per day for the southeast region of the country, na indication that the civil construction sector in the city has grown above this region average in 2019. In this manner, na intensive implementation of recycled aggregates as a way to reduce the harmful impacts to the environment caused by construction practices is highly recommended, considering the benefits of large-scale recycling made possible by the joint collaboration of public and private sectors.
The increasingly large generation of solid waste is one of the greatest challenges worldwide. In 2018, global waste generation rate was 0.74 kg daily per inhabitant and, in absolute terms, there’s a prospect of 3.40 billion tons being produced annualy by the year 2050. The negative environmental impact of this phenomenon in cities from developing countries is evident considering the scarcity of landfills and the irregular waste disposal, which cause public health issues and hazards of all kinds. In this context, civil construction sector accounts for a total of up to 30% of landfill deposits in the world, hence the present work had the goal of carrying out a diagnosis of construction industry solid waste management in the city of Bauru/SP, based on information provided by the agentes involved and visits to storage, sorting, recycling and final disposal sites. This research is justified by the need to evaluate strategies that mitigate negative environmental impact originated from this sort of waste, following the reconstruction of reality in the city. The results found from this research have shown that the city of Bauru/SP, since 2011, has had a specific legislation regarding environmentally adequate treatment of construction and domolition waste (CDW) and that it has built, in partnership with the private sector, a broad logistics to meet the demand of transportation for this waste citywide. For the smaller waste generators, 8 disposal locations called “Ecopoints” have collected 9,424 m³ of CDW in 2019, while the sites registered to receive large volumes have collected 152,800 m³ of CDW. Altogether, the city accounted for a total of 210.873 tons of CDW in 2019 and has reached a rate of 1.53 kg per inhabitants per day, above the rate of 0.726 kg per inhabitants per day for the southeast region of the country, na indication that the civil construction sector in the city has grown above this region average in 2019. In this manner, na intensive implementation of recycled aggregates as a way to reduce the harmful impacts to the environment caused by construction practices is highly recommended, considering the benefits of large-scale recycling made possible by the joint collaboration of public and private sectors.
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Palavras-chave
Resíduos sólidos, Construção civil, Demolição, Gestão, Solid waste, Building construction, Demolition, Management