Sorgo como fonte de carboidrato em alimentos extrusados para gatos: uso de diferentes variedades e moagens e efeitos sobre a digestibilidade, produtos de fermentação, imunidade intestinal e microbiota
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Data
2020-02-06
Autores
Ribeiro, Érico de Mello [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de duas variedades de sorgo, processadas diferentemente, na palatabilidade, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produtos de fermentação fecal e microbiota em gatos adultos. Quatro dietas com composições similares foram formuladas com milho (Mi), arroz integral (AI), sorgo vermelho (SV) ou sorgo branco (SB) como principal fonte de carboidrato. As dietas Mi e AI foram moídas apenas com peneira de 1,0 mm (média), enquanto que as dietas SV e SB foram moídas com peneiras de 0,8 mm (fina), 1,0 mm e 1,6 mm (grossa), totalizando oito dietas. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com quatro blocos de 16 gatos, dois gatos por dieta em cada bloco, totalizando oito repetições por tratamento e 64 unidades experimentais. Após o período de adaptação, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi calculada pelo método de coleta fecal total e o escore fecal foi avaliado. Amostras fecais frescas foram coletadas para análise dos produtos de fermentação, medição do pH, aminas biogênicas e microbiota. Valores de P <0,05 foram considerados significativos. A palatabilidade foi maior nas dietas SV e SB na moagem média do que nas dietas Mi e AI (P <0,01), e a dieta SB apresentou maior consumo que SV (P <0,05). Para a dieta SV, a maior granulometria apresentou melhor consumo do que a menor granulometria (P <0,05). Não houve diferença significativa na digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes entre as dietas, exceto uma redução na digestibilidade da matéria seca para a dieta SB com moagem grossa (P=0,007). A produção fecal, escore fecal e amônia foram semelhantes entre as dietas (P>0,05). O pH fecal foi menor após o consumo das dietas AI e SV e SB com moagem grossa (P<0,05). Maior produção de butirato nas fezes foi observada na dieta SB com maior granulometria (P=0,002), com potencial benefício para a saúde intestinal. A concentração de aminas biogênicas nas fezes não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). As dietas à base de sorgos vermelho e branco em maior granulometria apresentaram menor beta diversidade que todas as dietas, com exceção do sorgo branco em granulometria média. Conclui-se que dietas com SV ou SB foram mais palatáveis do que aquelas com Mi ou AI. Com teores semelhantes de fibra, a digestibilidade, produção e o escore fecais foram semelhantes entre as diferentes fontes de carboidratos, independentemente da moagem. A maior granulometria aumentou a palatabilidade do SB e SV e o butirato fecal no SB. Entretanto, maior granulometria diminuiu a diversidade beta nas duas variedades de sorgo e Lachnospiraceae e Ruminococcaceae, famílias conhecidas por suas bactérias benéficas. SV em menor granulometria aumentou Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, uma produtora de butirato.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sorghum varieties, processed differently, on palatability, nutrient digestibility and fecal fermentation products in adult cats. Four diets with similar compositions were formulated with corn (C), brown rice (BR), red sorghum (RS) or white sorghum (WS) as the main carbohydrate source. The C and BR diets were ground with 1.0 mm (medium) screen sieve; RS and WS were ground with sieve sizes of 0.5 mm (fine), 1.0 mm and 1.6 mm (coarse) each, totaling eight diets. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks of 16 cats, two cats per diet in each block, totaling eight replicates per treatment and 64 experimental units. After the adaptation period the nutrient digestibility was calculated by the total fecal collection method and the fecal score was evaluated. Fresh fecal samples were collected for analysis of fermentation products, pH measurement, biogenic amines and microbiota. Values of P <0.05 were considered significant. Palatability was higher for RS and WS diets at medium particle size than C and BR diets (P <0.01) and WS presented higher intake than RS (P <0.05). For RS, bigger particle size had better consumption than small particle size (P <0.05). There were no differences in apparent digestibility of the nutrients between the diets, except lower DM for WS with bigger particle size (P = 0.007). Fecal production, score and ammonia were similar between diets (P> 0.05). Fecal pH was lower after consumption of the BR and RS and WS diets with bigger particle size (P <0.05). Likewise, the production of butyrate was increased, an important source of energy for the colonocytes, in WS with bigger particle size (P = 0.002), which may improve intestinal health. There were no differences between treatments in fecal concentrations of biogenic amines (P>0,05). Beta diversity in both sorghum diets with bigger particle size was reduced in comparison to all diets, except WS with medium particle size. In conclusion, diets with RS or WS were more palatable than those with C or BR. With similar fiber contents, digestibility, fecal production and score were similar among the different carbohydrate sources, regardless of grinding. Bigger particle size has increased palatability of RS and WS and fecal butyrate in WS. However, bigger particle size reduced beta diversity in both sorghum varieties and Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, families known for their beneficial bacteria. RS diet with small particle size increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate producer.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sorghum varieties, processed differently, on palatability, nutrient digestibility and fecal fermentation products in adult cats. Four diets with similar compositions were formulated with corn (C), brown rice (BR), red sorghum (RS) or white sorghum (WS) as the main carbohydrate source. The C and BR diets were ground with 1.0 mm (medium) screen sieve; RS and WS were ground with sieve sizes of 0.5 mm (fine), 1.0 mm and 1.6 mm (coarse) each, totaling eight diets. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks of 16 cats, two cats per diet in each block, totaling eight replicates per treatment and 64 experimental units. After the adaptation period the nutrient digestibility was calculated by the total fecal collection method and the fecal score was evaluated. Fresh fecal samples were collected for analysis of fermentation products, pH measurement, biogenic amines and microbiota. Values of P <0.05 were considered significant. Palatability was higher for RS and WS diets at medium particle size than C and BR diets (P <0.01) and WS presented higher intake than RS (P <0.05). For RS, bigger particle size had better consumption than small particle size (P <0.05). There were no differences in apparent digestibility of the nutrients between the diets, except lower DM for WS with bigger particle size (P = 0.007). Fecal production, score and ammonia were similar between diets (P> 0.05). Fecal pH was lower after consumption of the BR and RS and WS diets with bigger particle size (P <0.05). Likewise, the production of butyrate was increased, an important source of energy for the colonocytes, in WS with bigger particle size (P = 0.002), which may improve intestinal health. There were no differences between treatments in fecal concentrations of biogenic amines (P>0,05). Beta diversity in both sorghum diets with bigger particle size was reduced in comparison to all diets, except WS with medium particle size. In conclusion, diets with RS or WS were more palatable than those with C or BR. With similar fiber contents, digestibility, fecal production and score were similar among the different carbohydrate sources, regardless of grinding. Bigger particle size has increased palatability of RS and WS and fecal butyrate in WS. However, bigger particle size reduced beta diversity in both sorghum varieties and Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, families known for their beneficial bacteria. RS diet with small particle size increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate producer.
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Palavras-chave
Carboidratos na nutrição animal, Gato, Intestinos, Carbohydrates in animal nutrition, Cat, Intestines - Bacteriology