SIistemas piscícolas de tambaqui: avaliação hídrica e aplicações
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Data
2020-06-30
Autores
Conde, Thassiane Telles
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O peixe é a fonte de proteína animal mais consumida no mundo, com expectativa de aumento devido ao crescimento populacional e a busca por alimentos saudáveis. A grande área territorial brasileira e o maior volume de água doce do mundo favorecem o cultivo de peixes em cativeiro, onde o Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) tem obtido destaque, a espécie nativa mais cultivada nacionalmente. Entretanto, o desenvolvimento da espécie ocorre predominantemente no norte do país, região de recente desenvolvimento territorial, carecendo de estudos científicos que respondam quais os impactos e benefícios na localidade. Os sistemas de produção piscícola introduzem nutrientes na água, demandando o acompanhamento da qualidade hídrica, pois é um recurso decisivo ao sucesso e manutenção dessa atividade. Assim, esse estudo objetivou compreender o efeito de sistemas piscícolas nas características físicas, químicas e biológicas da água utilizada no cultivo do Tambaqui, e avaliar a possibilidade de reuso da mesma em sistemas de produção agrícola. O trabalho está dividido em quatro capítulos. Capítulo 2: Apresentam-se informações (econômicas, sociais e ambientais) para auxiliar no desenvolvimento da produção de Tambaqui no país. Capítulo 3: Avalia-se a influência do sistema de cultivo e da sazonalidade nos parâmetros limnológicos dos corpos hídricos utilizados para criação de tambaqui (C. macropomum) no município de Ariquemes-RO. Capitulo 4: Investiga-se a resposta fisiológica da embebição de sementes de Lactuca sativa L. em águas destilada e de piscicultura de Tambaqui, em diferentes períodos (0, 3, 6, 12 e 24 h). Capítulo 5: Estudou-se a influência dos períodos de embebição (0, 8, 16, 24, 48 e 60 horas) das sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, com águas subterrâneas e da piscicultura de tambaqui, sobre germinação, vigor e produção. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que no período chuvoso (inverno amazônico) ocorreu redução do pH e incrementos na proliferação de coliformes totais e fecais. As variáveis cor, dureza, amônia, nitrito e fósforo apresentaram maior concentração nos viveiros utilizados para cultivo de tambaqui em comparação aos corpos abastecedores e receptores. Os sistemas de cultivo afetaram os parâmetros cor e teor de fósforo da água, especialmente no cultivo intensivo, elevando os valores devido a maior densidade populacional. As plantas oriundas de sementes embebidas e conduzidas com água de piscicultura apresentaram massa fresca aérea 22% superior àquelas tratadas com água destilada, no tempo de 24 h. Os comprimentos aéreo e de radícula e a massa seca de plântulas foram favorecidos pelo uso da água oriunda do sistema piscícola de Tambaqui, diferindo significativamente da água subterrânea. Entretanto, o efeito dos tratamentos favoreceu apenas o desenvolvimento inicial da plântula, pois a avaliação da massa seca total realizada aos 71, 92 e 113 dias após semeadura não revelou diferença na produtividade.
Fish is the most consumed animal protein source in the world, expected to increase due to population growth and the search for healthy food. The large Brazilian territorial area and the largest volume of fresh water in the world favor the cultivation of fish in captivity, where Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) has gained prominence, being the second most species. However, the development of the species occurs predominantly in the north of the country, a region of recent territorial development, lacking scientific studies that answer the impacts and benefits in the locality. Fish production systems introduce nutrients into the water, requiring monitoring of water quality, as it is a decisive resource for the success and maintenance of this activity. Thus, this study aimed to understand the effect of fish systems on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water used in the cultivation of Tambaqui, and to evaluate the possibility of reusing it in agricultural production systems. The work is divided into four chapters. Chapter 2: Information (economic, social and environmental) is presented to assist in the development of Tambaqui production in the country. Chapter 3: The influence of the cultivation system and seasonality on the limnological parameters of the water bodies used to create tambaqui (C. macropomum) in the municipality of Ariquemes-RO is evaluated. Chapter 4: The physiological response of the imbibition of Lactuca sativa L. seeds in distilled waters and fish culture of Tambaqui is evaluated, in different periods (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Chapter 5: The influence of the soaking periods (0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 60 hours) of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu seeds, with groundwater and tambaqui fish farming, was studied on germination, vigor and production. The results obtained showed that in the rainy period (Amazonian winter) there was a reduction in pH and increases in the proliferation of total and fecal coliforms. The variables color, hardness, ammonia, nitrite and phosphorus showed a higher concentration in the nurseries used for cultivating tambaqui in comparison to the supplying and receiving bodies. The cultivation systems affected the color and phosphorus content parameters of the water, especially in intensive cultivation, increasing the values due to the higher population density. Plants originating from seeds soaked and conducted with fish farming water presented a 22% higher fresh air mass than those treated with distilled water, within 24 h. The aerial and radicle lengths and the dry mass of seedlings were favored by the use of water from the Tambaqui fish system, differing significantly from groundwater. However, the effect of the treatments favored only the initial seedling development, as the evaluation of the total dry mass carried out at 71, 92 and 113 days after sowing did not reveal any difference in productivity.
Fish is the most consumed animal protein source in the world, expected to increase due to population growth and the search for healthy food. The large Brazilian territorial area and the largest volume of fresh water in the world favor the cultivation of fish in captivity, where Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) has gained prominence, being the second most species. However, the development of the species occurs predominantly in the north of the country, a region of recent territorial development, lacking scientific studies that answer the impacts and benefits in the locality. Fish production systems introduce nutrients into the water, requiring monitoring of water quality, as it is a decisive resource for the success and maintenance of this activity. Thus, this study aimed to understand the effect of fish systems on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water used in the cultivation of Tambaqui, and to evaluate the possibility of reusing it in agricultural production systems. The work is divided into four chapters. Chapter 2: Information (economic, social and environmental) is presented to assist in the development of Tambaqui production in the country. Chapter 3: The influence of the cultivation system and seasonality on the limnological parameters of the water bodies used to create tambaqui (C. macropomum) in the municipality of Ariquemes-RO is evaluated. Chapter 4: The physiological response of the imbibition of Lactuca sativa L. seeds in distilled waters and fish culture of Tambaqui is evaluated, in different periods (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Chapter 5: The influence of the soaking periods (0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 60 hours) of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu seeds, with groundwater and tambaqui fish farming, was studied on germination, vigor and production. The results obtained showed that in the rainy period (Amazonian winter) there was a reduction in pH and increases in the proliferation of total and fecal coliforms. The variables color, hardness, ammonia, nitrite and phosphorus showed a higher concentration in the nurseries used for cultivating tambaqui in comparison to the supplying and receiving bodies. The cultivation systems affected the color and phosphorus content parameters of the water, especially in intensive cultivation, increasing the values due to the higher population density. Plants originating from seeds soaked and conducted with fish farming water presented a 22% higher fresh air mass than those treated with distilled water, within 24 h. The aerial and radicle lengths and the dry mass of seedlings were favored by the use of water from the Tambaqui fish system, differing significantly from groundwater. However, the effect of the treatments favored only the initial seedling development, as the evaluation of the total dry mass carried out at 71, 92 and 113 days after sowing did not reveal any difference in productivity.
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Palavras-chave
Colossoma macropomum, Fertirrigação, Piscicultura, Fertigation, Fish farm