Parasitoses em cães domiciliados em um Município de Rondônia, Bioma Amazônia: avaliação quanto ao risco à saúde humana
Data
2020-07-31
Autores
Mendonça, Talita Oliveira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As enfermidades parasitárias de cães, muitas vezes negligenciadas, apresentam potencial zoonótico e são relevantes, especialmente em regiões com baixos índices de desenvolvimento humano. Desse modo, realizou-se um estudo no Município de Rolim de Moura, Estado de Rondônia, região norte do Brasil, para avaliar a presença e composição da comunidade de parasitas de cães domiciliados, bem como determinar o conhecimento dos tutores sobre essas enfermidades. Para isso, foram colhidas amostras de sangue e fezes de cães em 61 residências no Município de Rolim de Moura (Capital da Zona da Mata), totalizando 183 amostras de sangue, 163 de fezes e espécimes de ectoparasitas de 28 animais. Foram realizados exames coproparasitológicos, além de pesquisa de microfilárias sanguíneas por testes diretos e moleculares, e identificação dos ectoparasitas. Para determinar o conhecimento dos proprietários sobre essas enfermidades foi desenvolvido e aplicado um roteiro de entrevista, buscando avaliar a associação entre fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento dessas parasitoses. Dos animais avaliados, 74,23% (112/163) estavam positivos para ao menos um parasita gastrintestinal, sendo eles: 68,71% (112/163) Ancylostoma spp., 11,66% (19/163) Trichuris vulpis, 6,75% (11/163) Toxocara canis, 4,91% (8/163) Cystoisospora canis, 1,23% (2/163) Dipylidium caninum e 0,61% (1/163) Hammondia-Neospora. Os ectoparasitas detectados foram carrapatos da espécie Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) e pulgas da espécie Ctenocephalides felis felis. A espécie de filarídeo Acanthocheilonema reconditum foi detectada em 0,55% (1/183) dos animais. Apenas 11,48% (7/61) dos tutores sabiam o significado do termo zoonoses, porém 83,61% (51/61) relatam que cães podem transmitir alguma doença ao humano. Assim, o cenário observado é um alerta, pois cães domiciliados apresentaram uma diversidade de endo e ectoparasitas com potencial zoonótico, aliado ao desconhecimento dos fatores que podem trazer sérios riscos à saúde humana. Esta pesquisa revela a necessidade de campanhas educativas sobre zoonoses e seus riscos à saúde humana como forma de prevenção.
Parasitic diseases of dogs are often overlooked; several of them have important zoonotic potential, and they are especially relevant in regions with low human development index as a result of hygiene, health, and environmental education deficiency. Thus, a study was conducted in a municipality in Northern Brazil, state of Rondônia, to verify the presence and composition of the parasite community of owned dogs, as well as to determine the owners' knowledge about these diseases, evaluating the association between these factors. For this, blood and fecal samples were collected from dogs in 61 residences in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State. A total of 183 blood and 163 fecal samples were collected, along with ectoparasite specimens from 28 animals. Fecal tests, research of blood microfilariae by direct and molecular tests, and morphological identification of ectoparasites were performed. Among the animals evaluated, 74.23% (112/163) were positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite: 68.71% (112/163) Ancylostoma spp., 11.66% (19/163) Trichuris vulpis, 6.75% (11/163) Toxocara canis, 4.91% (8/163) Cystoisospora canis, 1,23% (2/163) Dipylidium caninum, and 0.61% (1/163) Hammondia-Neospora. The ectoparasites detected were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ctenocephalides felis felis fleas. The filaria species Acanthocheilonema reconditum was detect just in one of the sampled animals (0.55%; 1/183). Regarding the knowledge of these owners about zoonoses, only 11.48% (7/61) of them knew the meaning of the word, however when asked if dogs can transmit any disease to humans, 83.61% (51/61) answered positively. Thus, through this study, it is indicated that owned dogs from the evaluated town are affected by several endo and ectoparasites, some of them with zoonotic potential. Our results indicate the need of educational actions on zoonoses and their risks to human health as a tool for disease prevention.
Parasitic diseases of dogs are often overlooked; several of them have important zoonotic potential, and they are especially relevant in regions with low human development index as a result of hygiene, health, and environmental education deficiency. Thus, a study was conducted in a municipality in Northern Brazil, state of Rondônia, to verify the presence and composition of the parasite community of owned dogs, as well as to determine the owners' knowledge about these diseases, evaluating the association between these factors. For this, blood and fecal samples were collected from dogs in 61 residences in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State. A total of 183 blood and 163 fecal samples were collected, along with ectoparasite specimens from 28 animals. Fecal tests, research of blood microfilariae by direct and molecular tests, and morphological identification of ectoparasites were performed. Among the animals evaluated, 74.23% (112/163) were positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite: 68.71% (112/163) Ancylostoma spp., 11.66% (19/163) Trichuris vulpis, 6.75% (11/163) Toxocara canis, 4.91% (8/163) Cystoisospora canis, 1,23% (2/163) Dipylidium caninum, and 0.61% (1/163) Hammondia-Neospora. The ectoparasites detected were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ctenocephalides felis felis fleas. The filaria species Acanthocheilonema reconditum was detect just in one of the sampled animals (0.55%; 1/183). Regarding the knowledge of these owners about zoonoses, only 11.48% (7/61) of them knew the meaning of the word, however when asked if dogs can transmit any disease to humans, 83.61% (51/61) answered positively. Thus, through this study, it is indicated that owned dogs from the evaluated town are affected by several endo and ectoparasites, some of them with zoonotic potential. Our results indicate the need of educational actions on zoonoses and their risks to human health as a tool for disease prevention.
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Palavras-chave
Endoparasitas, Ectoparasitas, Saúde Única, Zoonoses, Endoparasites, Ectoparasites, One Health, Zoonoses