Efeito do treinamento de resistência elástica sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, força, massa muscular e funcionalidade de idosos
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Data
2020-07-31
Autores
Silva, Bruna Spolador de Alencar [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A resistência elástica é uma ferramenta de fácil acesso, baixo custo, acessível a diversos ambientes, e seus benefícios podem se assemelhar aos proporcionados por aparelhos de musculação tradicionais. O conhecimento de diferentes possibilidades de intervenção, por meio treinamento resistido pode colaborar para a otimização de sua aplicação na prática clínica em idosos. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do treinamento resistido tradicional (TRT) comparado ao treinamento de resistência elástica (TRE) sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, força muscular e funcionalidade em idosos, bem como verificar os efeitos do TRE sobre a homeostase glicêmica, força muscular e funcionalidade em idosos sarcopênicos. Materiais e métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 60 idosos de ambos os sexos (idade= 69,62±7,10 anos, 66,67% mulheres), que foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: TRT (n=30) e TRE (n=30). Inicialmente, os sujeitos foram submetidos a avaliações antropométricas, coleta de sangue (perfil inflamatório e metabólico), testes funcionais (coordenação - soda pop coordination test, mobilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico - teste Time-Up-and-Go) e de força muscular (dinamometria). Os participantes foram submetidos a um programa de treinamento de resistência de 12 semanas com tubos elásticos ou aparelhos de musculação. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas no início e após as 12 semanas de protocolo de treinamento. Adicionalmente, sete idosos sarcopênicos submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de TRE por 12 semanas, foram avaliados pelo teste oral de tolerância à glicose (OGTT), teste de força de preensão manual (FPM), teste de sentar-levantar (TSL), teste de caminhada de 4 m e teste de coordenação inicialmente e após as 12 semanas de treinamento. Resultados: Quando comparados os efeitos do TRE com TRT em idosos foi observado melhora na força muscular (p<0,01), coordenação (p<0.01), mobilidade (p<0,01) e concentrações de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) (p<0,01) de forma semelhante entre os grupos (p>0,05). Em relação ao perfil inflamatório não houve alterações após as 12 semanas de treinamento em ambos os grupos. Nos idosos sarcopênicos submetidos ao TRE, a área sob a curva de glicose e o índice HOMA-RI (homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance) foram significativamente menores após 12 semanas (p= 0,049 e p= 0,040, respectivamente). Houve melhora significativa da FPM (p = 0,01), teste de caminhada de 4 m (p= 0,04) e TSL (p= 0,04) em comparação com as avaliações iniciais. Conclusão: Doze semanas de TR tradicional e de resistência elástica promoveram benefícios positivos semelhantes na força muscular, coordenação, mobilidade e no perfil lipídico em idosos. Adicionalmente o treinamento de resistência elástica melhorou a homeostase glicêmica, força muscular e funcionalidade em idosos sarcopênicos.
Elastic resistance is a tool with easy access, low cost, accessible to different environments, and its benefits can be similar to those provided by traditional weight training machines. The knowledge of different intervention possibilities, through resistance training can collaborate for the optimization of its application in clinical practice in elderly. Objective: To investigate the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) compared to elastic resistance training (ERT) on biochemical parameters, muscle strength and functionality in the elderly, as well as to analyze the effects of elastic resistance training on glycemic homeostasis, strength and functionality in sarcopenic elderly. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 60 elderly of both sexes (age= 69.62±7.10 years, 66.67% woman) were randomly divided into two groups: TRT (n=30) and ERT (n=30). Initially, the subjects underwent anthropometric, blood collection (inflammatory and metabolic profile), muscle strength (dynamometry) and functional (soda pop coordination test, mobility and dynamic balance - time-upand-go test) assessments. Participants underwent a 12-week resistance training program with elastic tubes or weight machines. All evaluations were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of training protocol. Additionally, seven sarcopenic elderly undergoing the same elastic resistance training protocol for 12 weeks were assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), handgrip strength test (HGS), sit to stand test (STS), 4 m walking test and coordination test initially and after 12 weeks of training. Results: When comparing the effects of ERT with TRT in the elderly, an improvement in muscle strength (p <0.01), coordination (p <0.01), mobility (p <0.01) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations (p <0.01) was observed similarly between groups (p> 0.05). Regarding the inflammatory profile, there were no changes after 12 weeks of training in both groups. In sarcopenic elderly undergoing ERT, the area under the glucose curve and the HOMA-RI index (homeostatic model assessmentinsulin resistance) were significantly lower after 12 weeks (p = 0.049 and p = 0.040, respectively). There was a significant improvement in HGS (p = 0.01), a 4 m walking test (p = 0.04) and STS (p = 0.04) compared to the initial assessments. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of traditional RT and elastic resistance promoted similar positive benefits in muscle strength, coordination, mobility and lipid profile in elderly. Additionally, elastic resistance training improved glycemic homeostasis, muscle strength and functionality in sarcopenic elderly.
Elastic resistance is a tool with easy access, low cost, accessible to different environments, and its benefits can be similar to those provided by traditional weight training machines. The knowledge of different intervention possibilities, through resistance training can collaborate for the optimization of its application in clinical practice in elderly. Objective: To investigate the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) compared to elastic resistance training (ERT) on biochemical parameters, muscle strength and functionality in the elderly, as well as to analyze the effects of elastic resistance training on glycemic homeostasis, strength and functionality in sarcopenic elderly. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 60 elderly of both sexes (age= 69.62±7.10 years, 66.67% woman) were randomly divided into two groups: TRT (n=30) and ERT (n=30). Initially, the subjects underwent anthropometric, blood collection (inflammatory and metabolic profile), muscle strength (dynamometry) and functional (soda pop coordination test, mobility and dynamic balance - time-upand-go test) assessments. Participants underwent a 12-week resistance training program with elastic tubes or weight machines. All evaluations were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of training protocol. Additionally, seven sarcopenic elderly undergoing the same elastic resistance training protocol for 12 weeks were assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), handgrip strength test (HGS), sit to stand test (STS), 4 m walking test and coordination test initially and after 12 weeks of training. Results: When comparing the effects of ERT with TRT in the elderly, an improvement in muscle strength (p <0.01), coordination (p <0.01), mobility (p <0.01) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations (p <0.01) was observed similarly between groups (p> 0.05). Regarding the inflammatory profile, there were no changes after 12 weeks of training in both groups. In sarcopenic elderly undergoing ERT, the area under the glucose curve and the HOMA-RI index (homeostatic model assessmentinsulin resistance) were significantly lower after 12 weeks (p = 0.049 and p = 0.040, respectively). There was a significant improvement in HGS (p = 0.01), a 4 m walking test (p = 0.04) and STS (p = 0.04) compared to the initial assessments. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of traditional RT and elastic resistance promoted similar positive benefits in muscle strength, coordination, mobility and lipid profile in elderly. Additionally, elastic resistance training improved glycemic homeostasis, muscle strength and functionality in sarcopenic elderly.
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Palavras-chave
Exercício, Inflamação, Envelhecimento, Funcionalidade, HDL, Sarcopenia, Teste de tolerância à glicose, Resistência à insulina, Exercise, Inflammation, Aging, Functionality, Glucose tolerance test, Insulin resistance