A mídia como dispositivo de poder: os impeachments no Brasil em discurso
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Data
2020-04-24
Autores
Pacífico, Isadora Maria Romano [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os discursos que circularam na mídia digital sobre os impeachments dos presidentes brasileiros Fernando Collor de Melo, em 1992, e da presidenta Dilma Rousseff, em 2016. Com base na Análise do Discurso, tendo como eixo o método arqueogenealógico de Michel Foucault, propomo-nos analisar os discursos da mídia corporativa e da mídia alternativa, mais especificamente, a Mídia Ninja, na rede social Facebook, partindo do princípio que o dispositivo midiático é uma rede que permite a relação de elementos e práticas discursivas que discorrem sobre os temas que circulam socialmente. Nessa perspectiva, o discurso é fundante: as coisas não preexistem às palavras, são, antes, os discursos que produzem as coisas, as verdades de um certo momento histórico. Que tipo de verdades os discursos produzem, historicamente? Perguntas como essa pululam na urgência dessa pesquisa. No que respeita ao corpus, interessa-nos compreender, teórica e epistemologicamente, o modo como a mídia - instância de produção e circulação de discursos -, refere-se ao campo político, em tempos de sociedade do espetáculo. Analisaremos a memória histórica que se mantém – renovada – nos discursos midiáticos sobre os impeachments, acontecimentos políticos do final do século XX e início do século XXI. Será fundamental para nossa pesquisa considerar alguns questionamentos para entender como a mídia discursiviza os impeachments: como é noticiado o impeachment de Collor? Há sentidos silenciados ou apagados, quando do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, em 2016? Consideramos pertinente olhar para a mídia como um dispositivo, conceito foucaultiano que envolve um conjunto heterogêneo de relações que se conectam historicamente entre linhas de estratificação e linhas de atualização, que engloba discursos variados, enunciados científicos, instituições, organizações arquitetônicas, entre outros. Como resultado, podemos dizer que as mídias fazem circular sentidos distintos acerca dos impeachments, posto que a mídia corporativa silencia em seu discurso sentidos que a Mídia Ninja destaca, e, assim, marca um posicionamento político de resistência, como por exemplo, os sentidos de golpe sobre o governo Dilma Rousseff encontrados na mídia alternativa e discursivizados como um legítimo processo de impeachment, na mídia corporativa. Em relação ao impeachment de Fernando Collor, a mídia corporativa validou o processo político, construindo discursos que esse dispositivo quer fazer parecer verdadeiros, em cada momento histórico. Observamos, portanto, formações discursivas divergentes sobre o acontecimento discursivo impeachment, na mídia corporativa e na mídia alternativa. Palavras-chave: Discurso; Mídia; Dispositivo; Impeachment.
The aim of this research is to analyze the discourses of the digital media about the impeachment of brazilian presidents Fernando Collor de Melo, in 1992, and of president Dilma Rousseff, in 2016. Based on Discourse Analysis and on Michel Foucault's archeology, we propose to analyze the discourses of the corporate media and the alternative media, more specifically, Mídia Ninja, on the social network Facebook, assuming that the media device is a network that allows the relationship of elements and discursive practices that discuss the themes that circulate socially. In this perspective, the discourse is fundamental: things don’t exist before words, they are, rather, the discourses that produce things, the truths of a certain historical moment. What kind of truths do discourses historically produce? Questions like this are rife with the urgency of this research. With regard to the corpus, we are interested in understanding, theoretically and epistemologically, how the media - instance of discourse production and circulation -, refers to the political field, in times of spectacle society; we will analyze the historical memory that remains - renewed - in the media discourses about the impeachments, political events of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It will be fundamental for our research to consider some questions to understand how the media discursive impeachments: how is Collor's impeachment reported? Are there senses silenced or erased when Dilma Rousseff was impeached in 2016? We consider it pertinent to look at the media as a device, a Foucaultian concept that involves a heterogeneous set of relationships that are historically connected between stratification lines and updating lines, which encompasses varied discourses, scientific statements, institutions, architectural organizations, among others. As a result, we can say that in the media circulate different meanings about impeachments, the corporate media silences in its discourse meanings which the Ninja Media highlights, denounces and, thus, marks a political position of resistance, such as, for example, the meanings coup over the Dilma Rousseff government found in the alternative media and discursivized as a legitimate impeachment process in the corporate media. Regarding the impeachment of Fernando Collor, the corporate media validated the political process, constructing discourses that this device wants to make appear true, in each historical moment. Therefore, we observe divergent discursive formations about the impeachment discursive event, in the corporate media and in the alternative media.
The aim of this research is to analyze the discourses of the digital media about the impeachment of brazilian presidents Fernando Collor de Melo, in 1992, and of president Dilma Rousseff, in 2016. Based on Discourse Analysis and on Michel Foucault's archeology, we propose to analyze the discourses of the corporate media and the alternative media, more specifically, Mídia Ninja, on the social network Facebook, assuming that the media device is a network that allows the relationship of elements and discursive practices that discuss the themes that circulate socially. In this perspective, the discourse is fundamental: things don’t exist before words, they are, rather, the discourses that produce things, the truths of a certain historical moment. What kind of truths do discourses historically produce? Questions like this are rife with the urgency of this research. With regard to the corpus, we are interested in understanding, theoretically and epistemologically, how the media - instance of discourse production and circulation -, refers to the political field, in times of spectacle society; we will analyze the historical memory that remains - renewed - in the media discourses about the impeachments, political events of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It will be fundamental for our research to consider some questions to understand how the media discursive impeachments: how is Collor's impeachment reported? Are there senses silenced or erased when Dilma Rousseff was impeached in 2016? We consider it pertinent to look at the media as a device, a Foucaultian concept that involves a heterogeneous set of relationships that are historically connected between stratification lines and updating lines, which encompasses varied discourses, scientific statements, institutions, architectural organizations, among others. As a result, we can say that in the media circulate different meanings about impeachments, the corporate media silences in its discourse meanings which the Ninja Media highlights, denounces and, thus, marks a political position of resistance, such as, for example, the meanings coup over the Dilma Rousseff government found in the alternative media and discursivized as a legitimate impeachment process in the corporate media. Regarding the impeachment of Fernando Collor, the corporate media validated the political process, constructing discourses that this device wants to make appear true, in each historical moment. Therefore, we observe divergent discursive formations about the impeachment discursive event, in the corporate media and in the alternative media.
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Palavras-chave
Discurso, Mídia, Dispositivo, Impeachment