Os efeitos da globalização nas relações laborais de futebol e a necessidade e viabilidade de uma regulação de seu mercado global de transferências
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Data
2020-08-04
Autores
Coutinho Filho, José Eduardo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estágio atual da globalização proporcionou o ambiente ideal para que o futebol atingisse de maneira muito célere proporções e complexidade sem precedentes. A modalidade se profissionalizou e se expandiu por todos os continentes, gerando milhões de empregos e movimentando cifras bilionárias. Em consequência de seu crescimento rápido e exponencial, muitas questões carecem da reflexão e regulação adequada. Tem-se, por exemplo, a questão dos atletas que, ainda em tenra idade, se transferem para clubes do exterior, não ficando clara a distinção entre o esporte lúdico e educativo do profissional, ou mesmo a influência de entes privados como as federações nacionais que, a despeito da autorização estatal do direito ao trabalho do atleta, estabelecem uma cota máxima de estrangeiros que podem atuar por uma equipe, ocasionando por vezes o fim da relação de emprego. Ainda, há a análise da formação dos chamados “conglomerados esportivos”, que representam formas inovadoras de organização de entidades de prática desportiva em que um mesmo grupo de investimento possui diversas equipes pelo mundo, a exemplo das empresas transnacionais. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em analisar a atual influência fenômeno da globalização no contexto laboral do futebol, bem como na necessidade e viabilidade de uma regulação, por meio de entes públicos ou privados, em seu mercado global de transferências. Como método de procedimento, adota-se a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica em materiais publicados; e, como métodos de abordagem, adotam-se o dedutivo e, especialmente na análise de casos do capítulo 4, o indutivo. Por fim, demonstra-se como as entidades de administração do desporto materialmente realizam a regulação do mercado global de transferências através de normas.
The current stage of globalization has provided the ideal environment for football to reach unprecedented proportions and unprecedented complexity. The sport has become more professional and expanded across all continents, generating millions of jobs and moving billion-dollar amounts. As a result of its rapid and exponential growth, many issues lack reflection and proper regulation. There is, for example, the issue of athletes who, at an early age, transfer to clubs abroad, and the distinction between recreational and educational sport with the professional is not clear, or even the influence of private entities such as national federations that, despite the state authorization of the athlete's right to work, establish a maximum quota of foreigners who can work for a team, sometimes causing the end of the employment relationship. Also, there is an analysis of the formation of the so-called “sports conglomerates”, which represent innovative forms of organization of sports practice entities in which the same investment group has several teams around the world, such as transnational companies. The aim of the present study is to analyse the current influence of globalization on the football work context, as well as the need and feasibility of regulation, through public or private entities, in its global transfer market. As a method of procedure, the technique of bibliographic research in published materials is adopted; and, as methods of approach, the deductive and, especially in the analysis of cases in chapter 4, the inductive are adopted. Finally, it demonstrates how sports administration entities materially regulate the global transfer market through private standards.
The current stage of globalization has provided the ideal environment for football to reach unprecedented proportions and unprecedented complexity. The sport has become more professional and expanded across all continents, generating millions of jobs and moving billion-dollar amounts. As a result of its rapid and exponential growth, many issues lack reflection and proper regulation. There is, for example, the issue of athletes who, at an early age, transfer to clubs abroad, and the distinction between recreational and educational sport with the professional is not clear, or even the influence of private entities such as national federations that, despite the state authorization of the athlete's right to work, establish a maximum quota of foreigners who can work for a team, sometimes causing the end of the employment relationship. Also, there is an analysis of the formation of the so-called “sports conglomerates”, which represent innovative forms of organization of sports practice entities in which the same investment group has several teams around the world, such as transnational companies. The aim of the present study is to analyse the current influence of globalization on the football work context, as well as the need and feasibility of regulation, through public or private entities, in its global transfer market. As a method of procedure, the technique of bibliographic research in published materials is adopted; and, as methods of approach, the deductive and, especially in the analysis of cases in chapter 4, the inductive are adopted. Finally, it demonstrates how sports administration entities materially regulate the global transfer market through private standards.
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Palavras-chave
Direito Desportivo, Direito do Trabalho, Futebol profissional, Globalização, Mercado de trabalho, Labour Law, Labour market, Globalization, Professional football, Sports Law