Estrobilurinas e carboxamidas na fisiologia e no manejo de pinta preta em tomateiro
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2020-06-26
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da aplicação de fungicidas à base de estrobilurinas e carboxamidas na fisiologia e produção de frutos de tomateiro em ambiente protegido. Foram realizados dois experimentos em Salto-SP em 2018 e 2019. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: testemunha inoculada (aplicação de água e inoculo), testemunha absoluta (aplicação de água), azoxistrobina 50 g ha-1, boscalida 50 g ha-1, azoxistrobina 50 g ha-1 + boscalida 50 g ha-1, piraclostrobina 100 g ha-1 e piraclostrobina 100 g ha-1 + boscalida 50 g ha-1. Foram realizadas oito aplicações dos tratamentos, quinzenalmente, a partir dos 15 dias após o transplantio (DAT). Para verificar a eficiência fotossintética das plantas foi realizada a avaliação da fluorescência da clorofila a e de trocas gasosas determinando-se a taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A), condutância estomática (gs), transpiração (E), concentração interna de carbono (Ci) e foram calculadas a eficiência do uso da água (A/E) e a eficiência de carboxilação (A/Ci), em diferentes datas após o transplantio. Foram avaliados os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos: clorofilas a e b e carotenoides. E também o teor de antocianinas. Foi avaliada também a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes das plantas pela quantificação da atividade das enzimas SOD, CAT e POD, antes da aplicação dos tratamentos e 12, 24, 96 h e 7 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Verificou-se a também a severidade da doença (%) e, por fim, a partir da soma das colheitas realizadas no decorrer do ciclo, calculou-se a produção total e comercial de frutos. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que a aplicação dos fungicidas testados promoveu respostas fisiológicas positivas nas plantas de tomateiro, ativando o sistema antioxidativo e controlando a doença pinta preta. As aplicações dos fungicidas boscalida 50 g ha-1 e azoxistrobina 50 g ha-1+ boscalida 50 g ha-1 foram aqueles que proporcionaram de forma significativa as maiores respostas fisiológicas, enzimáticas e produtivas do tomateiro em ambiente protegido.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of fungicides based on strobirulins and carboxamides on the physiology and production of tomato fruits in a protected environment. Two experiments were carried out in Salto-SP in 2018 and 2019. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with seven treatments and five repetitions. The evaluated treatments were: inoculated control (application of water and inoculum), absolute control (application of water), azoxystrobin 50 g ha-1, boscalide 50 g ha-1, azoxystrobin 50 g ha-1 + boscalide 50 g ha-1, pyraclostrobin 100 g ha-1 and pyraclostrobin 100 g ha-1 + boscalide 50 g ha-1. Eight treatments were applied, fortnightly, from 15 days after transplantation (DAT). To verify the photosynthetic efficiency of the plants, the fluorescence assessment of chlorophyll a and gas exchange was performed by determining the CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), internal carbon concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) were calculated at different dates after transplanting. The levels of photosynthetic pigments were evaluated: chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids. And also the anthocyanin content. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants was also evaluated by quantifying the activity of the enzymes SOD, CAT and POD, before the application of treatments and 12, 24, 96 h and 7 days after application of treatments. The severity of the disease was also verified (%) and, finally, from the sum of the harvests carried out during the cycle, the total and commercial production of fruits was calculated. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the application of the tested fungicides promoted positive physiological responses in tomato plants, activating the antioxidative system and controlling the black spot disease. The applications of the fungicides boscalide 50 g ha-1 and azoxystrobin 50 g ha-1 + boscalide 50 g ha-1 were those that significantly provided the highest physiological, enzymatic and productive responses of tomatoes in a protected environment.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of fungicides based on strobirulins and carboxamides on the physiology and production of tomato fruits in a protected environment. Two experiments were carried out in Salto-SP in 2018 and 2019. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with seven treatments and five repetitions. The evaluated treatments were: inoculated control (application of water and inoculum), absolute control (application of water), azoxystrobin 50 g ha-1, boscalide 50 g ha-1, azoxystrobin 50 g ha-1 + boscalide 50 g ha-1, pyraclostrobin 100 g ha-1 and pyraclostrobin 100 g ha-1 + boscalide 50 g ha-1. Eight treatments were applied, fortnightly, from 15 days after transplantation (DAT). To verify the photosynthetic efficiency of the plants, the fluorescence assessment of chlorophyll a and gas exchange was performed by determining the CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), internal carbon concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) were calculated at different dates after transplanting. The levels of photosynthetic pigments were evaluated: chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids. And also the anthocyanin content. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants was also evaluated by quantifying the activity of the enzymes SOD, CAT and POD, before the application of treatments and 12, 24, 96 h and 7 days after application of treatments. The severity of the disease was also verified (%) and, finally, from the sum of the harvests carried out during the cycle, the total and commercial production of fruits was calculated. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the application of the tested fungicides promoted positive physiological responses in tomato plants, activating the antioxidative system and controlling the black spot disease. The applications of the fungicides boscalide 50 g ha-1 and azoxystrobin 50 g ha-1 + boscalide 50 g ha-1 were those that significantly provided the highest physiological, enzymatic and productive responses of tomatoes in a protected environment.
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Fotossíntese, Enzimas, Tomate, Fungicidas, Produção, Photosynthesis, Enzymes, Tomato, Fungicides, Production