Predação de ovos de Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) por ácaros fitoseídeos (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
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Data
2020-07-17
Autores
Jiménez Jorge, Sofía [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O HLB (Huanglonbing) é uma das doenças mais importantes e relevantes para a cultura dos citros. Diversos estudos sobre o controle da mesma são realizados nos diferentes países que apresentam essa doença. O Brasil nos últimos anos adotou um conjunto de medidas fitossanitárias, que vai desde a aplicação de produtos químicos, erradicação das árvores com presença dos sintomas e recentemente estudos sobre a adoção de um MIP mediante o uso de controladores biológicos. Desta forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo a procura de ácaros fitoseídeos para verificar o potencial destes alimentando-se de ovos do psilídeo Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vetor do agente causal desta doença. A tese está dividida em sete capítulos. No primeiro faz-se um relato da importância da citricultura, além das pragas e doenças e a importância de D. citri. O segundo se refere acoletas realizadas em uma área livre de aplicação de produtos químicos de plantas de limão-cravo, em Piracicaba-SP. O terceiro comenta sobre a capacidade de predação de ácaros Mesostigmata em ovos de D. citri. O quarto, a capacidade de predação e oviposição do fitoseídeo Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) alimentado com diferentes dietas. O quinto, a seleção artificial de A. herbicolus em relação à taxa de predação em ovos do psilídeo D. citri. O sexto, a descrição complementar do ácaro fitoseídeo Transeius bellottii (Moraes e Mesa). O sétimo, as considerações gerais do trabalho. Os resultados demostraram que as espécies mais abundantes, coletadas em plantas de limão-cravo foram Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denamrk e Muma e Euseius concordis (Chant). Das 13 espécies testadas para a capacidade de predação de ovos de D. citri, o ácaro A. herbicolus predou 3.9 ovos/fêmea/dia. Dos alimentos oferecidos a A. herbicolus, não se obervou que a predação pudesse ser afetada quando em combinação com pólen de Ricinus communis L., enquanto a oviposição foi mais elevada quando se alimentou de Tyreophagus crascentiseta Barbosa, OConnor e Moraes. Dos testes das três populações de A. herbicolus, a proveniente de Botucatu-SP apresentou as melhores características de predação e oviposição (4,3 ovos consumidos/fêmea/dia e 1,2 ovos/fêmea/dia). Referente à seleção artificial, o ganho genético para as duas características foram negativos (-0,19 e -0,18). É possível que a reprodução por partenogênese telítoca, típica deste ácaro, possa ser em parte responsável pela resposta negativa obtida ou devido ao reduzido número de populações que puderam ser avaliadas neste estudo. Apesar de não se conseguir sucesso no esforço dispendido para se obter uma popução de A. herbicolus mais promissora para o controle de D. citri, no processo de seleção artificial em laboratório, conseguiu-se demonstrar o melhor desempenho da população de Botucatu em comparação com outras populações avaliadas (Pirenópolis-GO e Prados-MG). O resultado sugere que possa haver outras populações deste predador ainda mais promissoras para o controle de D. citri que aquela de Botucatu, sugerindo ser recomendável a continuidade dos estudos, inclusive com a avaliação de novas populações de A. herbicolus e de outros fitoseídeos. Para o ácaro T. bellottii se realizou uma breve descrição complementar, detalhando as famílias das plantas hospedeiras desta espécie.
HLB (Huanglonbing) is one of the most important and relevant diseases for citrus cultivation. Several studies on its control are carried out in different countries that present this disease. In recent years, Brazil has adopted a set of phytosanitary measures, ranging from the application of chemical products, the eradication of trees with the presence of symptoms and recently studies on the adoption of a MIP through the use of biological controllers. Thus, the work aimed to find phytoseiid mites to verify their potential by feeding on eggs of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector of the causative agent of this disease. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first, there is a report on the importance of citrus culture, in addition to pests and diseases and the importance of D. citri. The second refers to collections carried out in an area free of application of chemicals from rangpur lime plants, in Piracicaba-SP. The third comments on the predation capacity of Mesostigmata mites in D. citri eggs. The fourth, the predation and oviposition capacity of the phytoseid Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) fed with different diets. The fifth, the artificial selection of A. herbicolus in relation to the predation rate in eggs of the psyllid D. citri. The sixth, the complementary description of the phytoseid mite Transeius bellottii (Moraes e Mesa). The seventh, the general considerations of the work. The results showed that the most abundant species collected from lemon-clove plants were Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denamrk and Muma and Euseius concordis (Chant). Of the 13 species tested for the ability to predate D. citri eggs, the mite A. herbicolus preyed on 3.9 eggs / female / day. From the food offered to A. herbicolus, it was not observed that predation could be affected when in combination with pollin from Ricinus communis L., while oviposition was higher when fed on Tyreophagus crascentiseta Barbosa, OConnor and Moraes. From the tests of the three populations of A. herbicolus, the one from Botucatu-SP showed the best characteristics of predation and oviposition (4.3 eggs consumed/female/day and 1.2 eggs/female/day). Regarding artificial selection, the genetic gain for both traits was negative (-0.19 and -0.18). It is possible that the reproduction due to telitic parthenogenesis, typical of this mite, may be partly responsible for the negative response obtained or due to the small number of populations that could be evaluated in this study. Despite not being successful in the effort spent to obtain a population of A. herbicolus more promising for the control of D. citri, in the process of artificial selection in the laboratory, it was possible to demonstrate the best performance of the population of Botucatu in comparison with other evaluated populations (Pirenópolis-GO and Prados-MG). The result suggests that there may be other populations of this predator that are even more promising for the control of D. citri than that of Botucatu, suggesting that it is advisable to continue the studies, including the evaluation of new populations of A. herbicolus and other phytoseiids. For the T. bellottii mite, a brief complementary description was made, detailing the families of the host plants of this species.
HLB (Huanglonbing) is one of the most important and relevant diseases for citrus cultivation. Several studies on its control are carried out in different countries that present this disease. In recent years, Brazil has adopted a set of phytosanitary measures, ranging from the application of chemical products, the eradication of trees with the presence of symptoms and recently studies on the adoption of a MIP through the use of biological controllers. Thus, the work aimed to find phytoseiid mites to verify their potential by feeding on eggs of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector of the causative agent of this disease. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first, there is a report on the importance of citrus culture, in addition to pests and diseases and the importance of D. citri. The second refers to collections carried out in an area free of application of chemicals from rangpur lime plants, in Piracicaba-SP. The third comments on the predation capacity of Mesostigmata mites in D. citri eggs. The fourth, the predation and oviposition capacity of the phytoseid Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) fed with different diets. The fifth, the artificial selection of A. herbicolus in relation to the predation rate in eggs of the psyllid D. citri. The sixth, the complementary description of the phytoseid mite Transeius bellottii (Moraes e Mesa). The seventh, the general considerations of the work. The results showed that the most abundant species collected from lemon-clove plants were Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denamrk and Muma and Euseius concordis (Chant). Of the 13 species tested for the ability to predate D. citri eggs, the mite A. herbicolus preyed on 3.9 eggs / female / day. From the food offered to A. herbicolus, it was not observed that predation could be affected when in combination with pollin from Ricinus communis L., while oviposition was higher when fed on Tyreophagus crascentiseta Barbosa, OConnor and Moraes. From the tests of the three populations of A. herbicolus, the one from Botucatu-SP showed the best characteristics of predation and oviposition (4.3 eggs consumed/female/day and 1.2 eggs/female/day). Regarding artificial selection, the genetic gain for both traits was negative (-0.19 and -0.18). It is possible that the reproduction due to telitic parthenogenesis, typical of this mite, may be partly responsible for the negative response obtained or due to the small number of populations that could be evaluated in this study. Despite not being successful in the effort spent to obtain a population of A. herbicolus more promising for the control of D. citri, in the process of artificial selection in the laboratory, it was possible to demonstrate the best performance of the population of Botucatu in comparison with other evaluated populations (Pirenópolis-GO and Prados-MG). The result suggests that there may be other populations of this predator that are even more promising for the control of D. citri than that of Botucatu, suggesting that it is advisable to continue the studies, including the evaluation of new populations of A. herbicolus and other phytoseiids. For the T. bellottii mite, a brief complementary description was made, detailing the families of the host plants of this species.
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Palavras-chave
Ácaro predador, Psilídeo, Controle biológico, Citros, Predatory mite, Psyllid, Biological control, Citrus