A estetização da experiência falhada em três narrativas de Thomas Bernhard: O náufrago, Árvores abatidas e Extinção
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Data
2020-07-17
Autores
Santos, José Lucas Zaffani dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta tese é identificar, no percurso do narrador de três romances do escritor austríaco Thomas Bernhard, a saber, O náufrago, Árvores abatidas e Extinção, um processo de formação (Bildung) em direção à falha. Para tanto, recorreremos ao conceito “romance de formação” (Bildungsroman), termo já cristalizado na história literária como a narração de um processo formativo em direção ao equilíbrio entre indivíduo e mundo exterior. Fundamental para essa referência ao romance de formação nas obras de Bernhard aqui analisadas é a compreensão do romance de formação como um conceito literário ampliado, cujo alcance comporta até mesmo a subversão de seus pressupostos. A ideia de falha aparece aqui como um desdobramento da categoria de indivíduo problemático apresentada pelo teórico Georg Lukács, noção fundamental para o gênero romanesco. Os narradores do corpus selecionado apresentam-se como indivíduos que fracassaram ao executar os propósitos que planejaram na juventude. A partir de um acontecimento de morte, esses narradores recorrem à escrita como forma de refletir sobre seus fracassos. Em seus textos, os narradores enfatizam sua formação artística como um processo que lhes garantiria atingir seus objetivos. No entanto, esses indivíduos fracassaram por considerarem habilidades que não possuíam. Nesse sentido, nossas análises apontam que os narradores elegem seu fracasso como matéria de sua escrita, realizando, assim, a estetização de suas experiências falhadas.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify, through the narrators of three novels by the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard, namely, The loser, Cutting timber and Extinction, a formation process (Bildung) towards failure. Therefore, we will resort to the concept of “novel of formation” (Bildungsroman), a term already crystallized in literary history as the narrative of a formative process towards the balance between the individual and the outside world. The understanding of the novel of formation as an expanded literary concept, which the extent includes even the subversion of its assumptions, is fundamental when referencing novels of formation in Bernhard’s works analyzed in this thesis. The idea of failure appears here as a development of the problematic individual, category presented by theorist Georg Lukács, a fundamental notion for the novel genre. The narrators of the selected corpus present themselves as individuals who failed to accomplish their youth purposes. From a death event, these narrators resort to writing as a way to reflect on their failures. In their texts, the narrators emphasize their artistic training as a process that would enable them to achieve their goals. However, these individuals failed to consider skills they did not have. In this sense, our analyses indicate that the narrators elect their failure as matter for their writing, thus performing the aestheticization of their failed experiences.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify, through the narrators of three novels by the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard, namely, The loser, Cutting timber and Extinction, a formation process (Bildung) towards failure. Therefore, we will resort to the concept of “novel of formation” (Bildungsroman), a term already crystallized in literary history as the narrative of a formative process towards the balance between the individual and the outside world. The understanding of the novel of formation as an expanded literary concept, which the extent includes even the subversion of its assumptions, is fundamental when referencing novels of formation in Bernhard’s works analyzed in this thesis. The idea of failure appears here as a development of the problematic individual, category presented by theorist Georg Lukács, a fundamental notion for the novel genre. The narrators of the selected corpus present themselves as individuals who failed to accomplish their youth purposes. From a death event, these narrators resort to writing as a way to reflect on their failures. In their texts, the narrators emphasize their artistic training as a process that would enable them to achieve their goals. However, these individuals failed to consider skills they did not have. In this sense, our analyses indicate that the narrators elect their failure as matter for their writing, thus performing the aestheticization of their failed experiences.
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Palavras-chave
Narrador, Narrativa da falha, Estetização da experiência, Romance de formação, Narrator, Failure narrative, Aesthetization of experience, Bildungsroman, Thomas Bernhard