Prevalência, conhecimento básico e fatores associados ao tabagismo em universitários da área da saúde
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Data
2020-07-28
Autores
Dias, Danilo Augusto Ferrari
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O tabagismo é uma doença epidêmica caracterizada pela dependência física, psicológica e comportamental. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, o tabagismo é a principal causa de morte evitável e atribui ao tabaco 12% de todas as mortes mundiais de adultos com idade ≥ 30 anos, portanto, esforços devem ser realizados para combater o tabagismo, e nesse processo os profissionais da saúde tem papel fundamental, principalmente na prevenção de doenças. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência, identificar os fatores associados e conhecimentos básicos sobre o tabagismo entre uma comunidade universitária da área de saúde. Método: Estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa descritivo realizado na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, SP (FMB) UNESP. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado com questões sobre características sociodemográficas e história tabágica dos entrevistados. Participaram do estudo 204 discentes dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem e medicina, entre os meses de maio a outubro de 2019. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo tinham a idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A maioria (53%) eram alunos do curso de medicina, com o predomínio do sexo feminino (69%). A prevalência de tabagistas autodeclarada foi 5%, entretanto, 73% dos entrevistados afirmaram em suas falas que já haviam experimentado algum tipo de cigarro. Ao serem questionado sobre o que é tabagismo, 46% relataram ser um hábito. Em relação a substância que causa dependência, 99% responderam que é a nicotina. Quanto a afirmação de os profissionais da saúde terem o dever de aconselhar os pacientes sobre o risco do tabagismo rotineiramente, 97% concordaram com tal afirmação e 68% relataram não estarem preparados para esse aconselhamento. 76% dos entrevistados consideram os profissionais de saúde como modelo de conduta com relação ao tabagismo para os pacientes e o público em geral. O conhecimento sobre a existência de serviço ou programa que tratava do tabagismo na sua cidade de origem foi relatado por somente 16% deles. Em relação ao uso dos derivados do tabaco, 73% já teve contato com mais de um produto, com predomínio do cigarro convencional (62%). Em relação ao local onde fazem uso do tabaco, 55% afirmaram ser em casa dos amigos e 33% em locais públicos. 63% destes afirmaram que preferem fazer uso de produtos derivados do tabaco com os amigos. Conclusão: O tabagismo está presente na vida dos universitários de maneira velada, pois a maioria não se reconhece como tabagista. Portanto, destaca-se a importância de se discutir o tema precocemente e durante toda a formação acadêmica.
Introduction: Smoking is an epidemic disease characterized by physical, psychological and behavioral dependence. According to the World Health Organization, smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and attributes to tobacco 12% of all worldwide deaths of adults aged ≥ 30 years old, therefore, efforts must be made to fight smoking, and in the process health professionals have a fundamental role, mainly in disease prevention. Objective: Determine prevalence, identify associated factors and basic knowledge about smoking withing a university community in the health area. Method: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive quantitative approach conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, SP (FMB) UNESP. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire with questions about sociodemographic characteristics and smoking history of the interviewees was used. 204 students from undergraduate courses in nursing and medicine participated in the study, from May to October 2019. Results: The participants of the study were 18 years old or older. The majority (53%) were medical students, with a predominance of females (69%). The prevalence of self-declared smokers was 5%, however, 73% of the interviewees stated in their statements that they had already tried some type of cigarette. When asked about what smoking is, 46% reported it was a habit. Regarding the addictive substance, 99% responded that it is the nicotine. About the statement that health professionals have a duty to advise patients on the risk of smoking routinely, 97% agreed with this statement and 68% reported that they were not prepared for this advice. 76% of interviewees consider health professionals as a model of conduct regarding smoking for patients and the public. Knowledge about the existence of a service or program that dealt with smoking in their home city was reported by only 16% of them. Regarding the use of tobacco products, 73% have had contact with more than one product, with a predominance of conventional cigarettes (62%). Regarding the place where they use tobacco, 55% said they were at their friends' house and 33% in public places. 63% said they prefer to use tobacco products with friends. Conclusion: Smoking is present in the lives of university students in a veiled way, as most do not recognize themselves as smokers. Therefore, the importance of discussing the topic early and throughout academic training is highlighted.
Introduction: Smoking is an epidemic disease characterized by physical, psychological and behavioral dependence. According to the World Health Organization, smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and attributes to tobacco 12% of all worldwide deaths of adults aged ≥ 30 years old, therefore, efforts must be made to fight smoking, and in the process health professionals have a fundamental role, mainly in disease prevention. Objective: Determine prevalence, identify associated factors and basic knowledge about smoking withing a university community in the health area. Method: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive quantitative approach conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, SP (FMB) UNESP. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire with questions about sociodemographic characteristics and smoking history of the interviewees was used. 204 students from undergraduate courses in nursing and medicine participated in the study, from May to October 2019. Results: The participants of the study were 18 years old or older. The majority (53%) were medical students, with a predominance of females (69%). The prevalence of self-declared smokers was 5%, however, 73% of the interviewees stated in their statements that they had already tried some type of cigarette. When asked about what smoking is, 46% reported it was a habit. Regarding the addictive substance, 99% responded that it is the nicotine. About the statement that health professionals have a duty to advise patients on the risk of smoking routinely, 97% agreed with this statement and 68% reported that they were not prepared for this advice. 76% of interviewees consider health professionals as a model of conduct regarding smoking for patients and the public. Knowledge about the existence of a service or program that dealt with smoking in their home city was reported by only 16% of them. Regarding the use of tobacco products, 73% have had contact with more than one product, with a predominance of conventional cigarettes (62%). Regarding the place where they use tobacco, 55% said they were at their friends' house and 33% in public places. 63% said they prefer to use tobacco products with friends. Conclusion: Smoking is present in the lives of university students in a veiled way, as most do not recognize themselves as smokers. Therefore, the importance of discussing the topic early and throughout academic training is highlighted.
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Palavras-chave
Tabagismo, Acadêmicos, Área da saúde, Smoking, Academics, Health area