Caracterização e manejo do solo por unidades de gestão diferenciada em lavoura de urucum durante 2 anos agrícolas
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2020-08-19
Autores
Batista, Jessé Alves
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A produtividade agrícola depende do solo, em especial da sua fertilidade, que é condicionada pela interação entre atributos químico-físico-biológicos que por sua vez apresentam variabilidade espacial. O estudo, a caracterização e a compreensão da correlação espacial entre atributos do solo com a produtividade das culturas são ferramentas cruciais para o aprimoramento do manejo do solo a partir da aplicação de insumos de forma racional e eficiente. Esta pesquisa objetivou caracterizar zonas homogêneas e definir Unidades de Gestão Diferenciada (UGD’s) em uma lavoura de 3,2 hectares de cultivo de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) a partir de mapas de fertilidade do solo, parâmetros fitotécnicos e produtividade da cultura com vistas ao aprimoramento do manejo do solo em sítios específicos, a partir da aplicação de insumos em taxa variável. O estudo foi realizado na propriedade rural familiar Chácara Santíssima Trindade, no município de Vilhena – Rondônia e foi dividido em dois anos agrícolas, ou seja, de julho de 2017 a julho de 2018 e de agosto de 2018 a julho de 2019. Foi implantada uma malha geoestatística de 18x18m contendo 101 pontos amostrais. No primeiro ano da pesquisa os atributos do solo foram avaliados nas camadas 0-0,20 m e 0,20 a 0,40 m, sendo eles P, MO, pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, m%, B, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ e Zn2+ e da planta avaliou-se a produtividade de sementes (PR), a altura de planta (Alt) e a circunferência da base do tronco (CB). No segundo ano os atributos do solo, também avaliados nas duas camadas, foram P, pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, V% e m% e da planta avaliou-se a produtividade. O solo da propriedade é classificado como NEOSSOLO Quartzarênico, com teor de argila próximo a 100 g kg-1, tendo apresentado no primeiro ano da pesquisa baixos teores de P e K+ disponíveis e Ca2+ e Mg2+ trocáveis, além de alto teor de Al3+ e pH (CaCl2) abaixo de 3,9, tendo sido a produtividade de sementes muito baixa. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas e geoestatísticas nos dois anos avaliados. Os resultados acerca do primeiro ano permitiram caracterizar zonas homogêneas na lavoura a partir dos mapas de krigagem dos atributos avaliados, possibilitando, no segundo ano, definir as UGD’s e realizar a aplicação de calcário em taxa variável, elevando a produtividade de sementes em mais de 60% com relação ao ano anterior. Esta pesquisa evidencia a importância de se considerar a variabilidade espacial dos fatores de produção agrícola a partir de técnicas de agricultura de precisão.
Agricultural productivity depends on the soil, especially its fertility, which is conditioned by the interaction between chemical-physical-biological attributes that in turn have spatial variability. The study, characterization and understanding of the spatial correlation between soil attributes and crop productivity are crucial tools for improving soil management through the application of inputs in a rational and efficient. This research aimed to characterize homogeneous areas and define Differentiated Management Units (DMU's) in a 3.2 hectare annatto crop (Bixa orellana L.) from soil fertility maps, phytotechnical parameters and crop productivity with a view to improving the soil management from the application of inputs at a variable rate. The study was carried out on the family farm Chácara Santíssima Trindade, in the municipality of Vilhena - Rondônia and was divided into two agricultural years, that is, from July 2017 to July 2018 and from August 2018 to July 2019. An 18x18m geostatistical mesh containing 101 sample points was implanted. In the first year of the survey, soil attributes were evaluated in layers 0-0.20 m and 0.20 to 0.40 m, being P, OM, pH, K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , m%, B, Cu2+ , Fe2+ , Mn2+ and Zn2+ and of the plant, seed productivity (YIE), plant height (HEI) and circumference of the base of the trunk (TB) were evaluated. In the second year, the soil attributes, also evaluated in the two layers, were P, pH, K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , V% and m% and the plant's productivity was evaluated. The property's soil is classified as ENTISOL, with clay content close to 10 g kg-1 , having presented in the first year of the research low contents of available P and K+ and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ , in addition to high content of Al3+ and pH (CaCl2) below 3.9, with very low seed yield. Statistical and geostatistical analysis were performed in the two years evaluated. The results about the first year allowed the characterization of homogeneous zones in the field from the kriging maps of the evaluated attributes, making it possible, in the second year, define the DMU’s and carry out the to apply the limestone at a variable rate, increasing seed productivity by more than 60% compared to the previous year, in addition to confirming the DMU's. This research shows the importance of considering the spatial variability of agricultural production factors using precision farming techniques.
Agricultural productivity depends on the soil, especially its fertility, which is conditioned by the interaction between chemical-physical-biological attributes that in turn have spatial variability. The study, characterization and understanding of the spatial correlation between soil attributes and crop productivity are crucial tools for improving soil management through the application of inputs in a rational and efficient. This research aimed to characterize homogeneous areas and define Differentiated Management Units (DMU's) in a 3.2 hectare annatto crop (Bixa orellana L.) from soil fertility maps, phytotechnical parameters and crop productivity with a view to improving the soil management from the application of inputs at a variable rate. The study was carried out on the family farm Chácara Santíssima Trindade, in the municipality of Vilhena - Rondônia and was divided into two agricultural years, that is, from July 2017 to July 2018 and from August 2018 to July 2019. An 18x18m geostatistical mesh containing 101 sample points was implanted. In the first year of the survey, soil attributes were evaluated in layers 0-0.20 m and 0.20 to 0.40 m, being P, OM, pH, K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , m%, B, Cu2+ , Fe2+ , Mn2+ and Zn2+ and of the plant, seed productivity (YIE), plant height (HEI) and circumference of the base of the trunk (TB) were evaluated. In the second year, the soil attributes, also evaluated in the two layers, were P, pH, K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ , V% and m% and the plant's productivity was evaluated. The property's soil is classified as ENTISOL, with clay content close to 10 g kg-1 , having presented in the first year of the research low contents of available P and K+ and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ , in addition to high content of Al3+ and pH (CaCl2) below 3.9, with very low seed yield. Statistical and geostatistical analysis were performed in the two years evaluated. The results about the first year allowed the characterization of homogeneous zones in the field from the kriging maps of the evaluated attributes, making it possible, in the second year, define the DMU’s and carry out the to apply the limestone at a variable rate, increasing seed productivity by more than 60% compared to the previous year, in addition to confirming the DMU's. This research shows the importance of considering the spatial variability of agricultural production factors using precision farming techniques.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bixa orellana L., Geoestatística, Krigagem ordinária, Agricultura de precisão, Bixa orellana L., Geostatistics, Ordinary kriging, Precision agriculture