Prevalência, fatores de risco e infecções virais associadas com Escherichia coli resistentes a cefalosporinas de espectro estendido em cães
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Data
2020-09-29
Autores
Salgado-Caxito, Marília
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Resistência Antimicrobiana (RAM) é atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde animal e humana. Apesar de Enterobacterales resistentes a cefalosporinas de espectro estendido (ESCR-E) ser cada vez mais relatado em cães, os fatores de risco promovendo sua circulação entre animais de companhia têm recebido pouca atenção. Em particular, a influência de infecções e tratamentos de vírus entéricos na circulação de ESCR-E é desconhecida. Nesta tese, nosso objetivo foi estimar a prevalência global e a estrutura populacional de Escherichia coli produtoras de β-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL-E. coli) a nível mundial e investigar a influência de vários fatores de risco dos tutores e dos cães na presença de ESCR-E. coli em cães, incluindo a infecção e a antibioticoterapia profilática de parvovirose canina (CPV) e cinomose (CDV) no Brasil (Botucatu, São Paulo). No capítulo 1, realizamos uma scoping review e meta-análise para estimar a prevalência e estrutura populacional de ESBL-E. coli em cães e gatos. A prevalência foi estimada em 8.63% [IC 95%: 8.04; 9.27] em cães e 8.31% [IC 95%: 7.24; 9.52] em gatos e 60 diferentes genótipos de ESBL e 171 tipos sequenciais (ST) distintos de cepas E. coli resistentes foram descritos em cães e gatos globalmente. Além disso, blaCTX-M-15 e blaSHV-12 assim como ST38 e ST131 isolados de animais de companhia foram encontrados em todos os continentes. No segundo capítulo, estimamos a prevalência de ESCR-E. coli em cães (9,2%) e conduzimos questionários aos tutores para identificar os fatores de risco associados com a colonização fecal. O uso de antibióticos no último ano, contato direto com animais de produção e ausência de vermifugação aumentou a probabilidade de colonização fecal por ESCR-E. coli em cães. No terceiro capítulo, mostramos que a infecção e tratamento para CPV aumentou significativamente a prevalência de ESCR-E (E. coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae) em cães (36,5%) comparado com a infecção de CDV (15%) ou ausência de doenças infecciosas (9,2%). Além disso, genes ESBL foram amplamente detectados (70%) entre isolados recuperados antes da antibioticoterapia, principalmente blaCTX-M-type. Também mostramos que a prevalência aumenta 1-28 dias após antibioticoterapia e ESCR-E. coli foram detectados até 50 dias após o tratamento. Nossos resultados sugerem que cães com enteropatógenos (endoparasitas e vírus entéricos) podem exercer um importante papel na disseminação de ESCR-E. coli embora os mecanismos responsáveis por essas observações permaneceram desconhecidas. Esta tese sugere que o aumento da vermifugação e cobertura vacinal contra vírus entéricos poderiam potencialmente reduzir a disseminação de ESCR-E. coli em cães. Nossos resultados enfatizam a necessidade de implementar programas de vigilância nacional sobre o uso de antibióticos no setor veterinário e bactérias resistentes a antimicrobianos em animais de companhia para implementar estratégias eficazes para limitar a propagação da RAM.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the major threats for both animal and human health. Despite extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) being increasingly reported in dogs, the risk factors promoting their circulation among companion animals has received less attention. In particular, the influence of infections and treatments of enteric virus on the circulation of ESCR-E is unknown. In this thesis, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence and population structure of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) worldwide and to investigate the influence of several owner and dog’s risk factors on the presence of ESCR-E. coli in dogs including the infection and prophylactic antibiotic therapy of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) in Brazil (Botucatu, Sao Paulo). In the chapter 1, we performed a scoping review and metanalyses to estimate the global prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli in dogs and cats. The estimated prevalence was 8.63% [95% CI: 8.04; 9.27] in dogs and 8.31% [95% CI: 7.24; 9.52] in cats and 60 different genotypes of ESBL and 171 distinct sequence types (ST) of resistant E. coli strains have been described in dogs and cats worldwide. In addition, blaCTX-M-15 e blaSHV-12 as well ST38 and ST131 from companion animals were found in all continents. In the second chapter, we estimated the prevalence of ESCR-E. coli in dogs (9.2%) and conducted questionnaires to owners to identify risk factors associated with the fecal carriage. The use of antibiotics in the last year, direct contact with livestock, and absence of deworming increased the likelihood for fecal carriage of ESCR-E. coli in dogs. In our third chapter, we showed that CPV infection and treatment significantly increases the prevalence of ESCR-E (i.e., E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in dogs (36.5%) compared to CDV infection (15%) or absence of infectious diseases (9.2%). In addition, ESBL genes were widely detected (70%) among isolates recovered before antibiotic therapy, particularly blaCTX-M-type. We also showed that the prevalence increases 1-28 days after antibiotic therapy and ESCR-E. coli were detected up to 50 days after the treatment. Our results suggest that dogs with enteropathogens (i.e., endoparasites and enteric viruses) may play an important role in the dissemination of ESCR-E. coli although the mechanisms behind of these observations remained unclear. This thesis suggests that increasing deworming and vaccination coverage of enteric virus could potentially the dissemination of ESCR-E. coli in dogs. Our result stress the need to implement national surveillance of antibiotic use on the veterinary sector and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in companion animals to implement effective strategies to limit the spread of AMR.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the major threats for both animal and human health. Despite extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) being increasingly reported in dogs, the risk factors promoting their circulation among companion animals has received less attention. In particular, the influence of infections and treatments of enteric virus on the circulation of ESCR-E is unknown. In this thesis, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence and population structure of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) worldwide and to investigate the influence of several owner and dog’s risk factors on the presence of ESCR-E. coli in dogs including the infection and prophylactic antibiotic therapy of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) in Brazil (Botucatu, Sao Paulo). In the chapter 1, we performed a scoping review and metanalyses to estimate the global prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli in dogs and cats. The estimated prevalence was 8.63% [95% CI: 8.04; 9.27] in dogs and 8.31% [95% CI: 7.24; 9.52] in cats and 60 different genotypes of ESBL and 171 distinct sequence types (ST) of resistant E. coli strains have been described in dogs and cats worldwide. In addition, blaCTX-M-15 e blaSHV-12 as well ST38 and ST131 from companion animals were found in all continents. In the second chapter, we estimated the prevalence of ESCR-E. coli in dogs (9.2%) and conducted questionnaires to owners to identify risk factors associated with the fecal carriage. The use of antibiotics in the last year, direct contact with livestock, and absence of deworming increased the likelihood for fecal carriage of ESCR-E. coli in dogs. In our third chapter, we showed that CPV infection and treatment significantly increases the prevalence of ESCR-E (i.e., E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in dogs (36.5%) compared to CDV infection (15%) or absence of infectious diseases (9.2%). In addition, ESBL genes were widely detected (70%) among isolates recovered before antibiotic therapy, particularly blaCTX-M-type. We also showed that the prevalence increases 1-28 days after antibiotic therapy and ESCR-E. coli were detected up to 50 days after the treatment. Our results suggest that dogs with enteropathogens (i.e., endoparasites and enteric viruses) may play an important role in the dissemination of ESCR-E. coli although the mechanisms behind of these observations remained unclear. This thesis suggests that increasing deworming and vaccination coverage of enteric virus could potentially the dissemination of ESCR-E. coli in dogs. Our result stress the need to implement national surveillance of antibiotic use on the veterinary sector and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in companion animals to implement effective strategies to limit the spread of AMR.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Animais de companhia, Brasil, β-lactamases de espectro estendido, Cinomose, Doenças infecciosas, ESBL, Parvovirose, Resistência antimicrobiana, Vermifugação, Antimicrobial resistance, Companion animals, Deworming, Canine distemper, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Infectious diseases, Canine parvovirus