Artigos - Fitossanidade - FCAV

URI Permanente para esta coleção

Navegar

Submissões Recentes

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 984
  • ItemArtigo
    Scale Insects and Natural Enemies Associated with Conilon Coffee (Coffea canephora) in São Paulo State, Brazil
    (2023-04-01) Souza, Ivana Lemos [UNESP]; de Paulo, Hágabo Honorato [UNESP]; de Siqueira, Matheus Alves [UNESP]; Costa, Valmir Antonio; Wengrat, Ana Paula Gonçalves da Silva; Peronti, Ana Lúcia Benfatti Gonzalez [UNESP]; Martinelli, Nilza Maria [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Advanced Research Center in Plant Protection and Animal Health; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Several insect pests are related to the cultivation of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae), including (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). Coccoids damage plants by sucking their sap, producing honeydew, and transmitting viruses. Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies that regulate the insect population and can be used in mealybug biological control. This study aimed to survey scale insects and natural enemies associated with C. canephora in the city of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two species of mealybugs from the family Coccidae and three from the family Pseudococcidae were collected in different plant structures. Natural enemies collected comprised hymenopteran parasitoids from the families Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, and Perilampidae; predator beetles of the family Coccinellidae; dipterans from the family Cecidomyiidae; and thrips of the family Aeolothripidae. This is the first report of the mealybug species Coccus brasiliensis, Pseudococcus longispinus, and Pseudococcus cryptus; of the parasitoids Coccophagus rusti, Aprostocetus sp., Aenasius advena, Aenasius fusciventris, Aenasius pseudococci, and Perilampus sp.; and of the predators Cycloneda conjugata, Pseudoazya nana, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diadiplosis sp., and Franklinothrips vespiformis, associated with C. canephora. Knowledge of mealybug species and their respective natural enemies will contribute to biological control strategies in planning the integrated management of mealybugs associated with conilon coffee.
  • ItemResenha
    Increasing ecological heterogeneity can constrain biopesticide resistance evolution
    (2023-07-01) Mangan, Rosie; Bussière, Luc F.; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antônio [UNESP]; Tinsley, Matthew C.; University of Stirling; The University of Gothenburg; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Microbial biopesticides containing living parasites are valuable emerging crop protection technologies against insect pests, but they are vulnerable to resistance evolution. Fortunately, the fitness of alleles that provide resistance, including to parasites used in biopesticides, frequently depends on parasite identity and environmental conditions. This context-specificity suggests a sustainable approach to biopesticide resistance management through landscape diversification. To mitigate resistance risks, we advocate increasing the range of biopesticides available to farmers, whilst simultaneously encouraging other aspects of landscape-wide crop heterogeneity that can generate variable selection on resistance alleles. This approach requires agricultural stakeholders to prioritize diversity as well as efficiency, both within agricultural landscapes and the biocontrol marketplace.
  • ItemArtigo
    Sphenophorus levis Behavior Studies: Evaluating Insect Attractiveness or Repellency to One Insecticide Treatment and Assessing Nocturnal Insect Activity and Location Pattern
    (2023-02-01) Urach Ferreira, Pedro Henrique [UNESP]; Ferreira, Marcelo da Costa [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). is a difficult to control pest in sugarcane that causes great damage to the subterranean part of the plant. Low insect control is the result of the pesticide application technology adopted but also a consequence of the lack of studies regarding the pest’s behavior. This research aimed to examine the attractiveness and repellency of one labelled insecticide dose to S. levis adults and to evaluate the activity and location behavior of S. levis adults under hourly observations over 24 h. Repellency and attractiveness studies were conducted in free-choice tests with treated soil with an insecticide product composed of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam active ingredients and untreated soil. Insect activity and location behavior studies were assessed by conducting hourly observations of S. levis adults in containers with soil and sugarcane plant. The results indicate that S. levis adults are not repelled nor attracted to soil treated with the labelled dose of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam in sugarcane. Additionally, insects presented nocturnal behavior for most activities (walking, digging and mating) starting at 6:00 p.m. until 2:00 a.m. An average of 21% of insects were out of the soil at night while the majority, 79%, remained inside the soil. During the day, most insects, 95%, remained hidden in the soil. Exposed insects were primarily located on the soil surface. According to these results, nocturnal insecticide applications may improve S. levis adult control due to greater insect activity and exposure at night.
  • ItemArtigo
    Evaluation of maize genotypes on oviposition preference of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar)
    (2022-12-01) Boiça Júnior, Arlindo Leal [UNESP]; Costa, Eduardo Neves [UNESP]; Nogueira, Luciano [UNESP]; Ribeiro, Zulene Antonio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano
    Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) is a pest of economic importance for several crops in South and Central America, causing damage to plants in both the larval and adult stages. This study aimed to develop methodologies for evaluating the oviposition preference of D. speciosa for maize genotypes. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and brought to the laboratory to perform the experiments. We evaluated (i) the ability of D. speciosa to recognize the most suitable maize oviposition host; (ii) the optimal number of D. speciosa pairs per maize plant; (iii) the preferred plant age for oviposition; (iv) the effect of adult feeding resource on oviposition and survival; and (v) the oviposition preference of D. speciosa on maize genotypes selected from previous studies. D. speciosa females were able to identify the presence of a maize plant for oviposition, compared to a substrate without a plant. However, females were unable to discern the best host plant for the development and survival of their offspring when different maize genotypes were assessed. The presence of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as an additional food source increased the number of eggs laid by D. speciosa. Conversely, the absence of bean plants resulted in higher adult mortality in the experiments. Additionally, this study showed that maize genotypes with antibiosis characteristics do not always manifest in repellence or deterrence of oviposition. There may be no correlation between antibiosis and oviposition preference in the interaction between D. speciosa and maize plants.
  • ItemCapítulo de livro
    Bacillus thuringiensis, a remarkable biopesticide
    (2021-01-01) Sena da Silva, Igor Henrique [UNESP]; Mueller de Freitas, Marcelo [UNESP]; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antônio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been studied widely and intensively in terms of isolation and transmission, characterization, mode of action, improved formulations, and compatibility with natural enemies and Bt crops. This knowledge has resulted in the availability of extremely competitive biopesticides, with remarkable selectivity and specificity, on the market. The biopesticide Dipel is available on the worldwide pesticide market since the 1970s and recently had an outstanding performance against the noctuids Helicoverpa armigera and Chrysodeixis includens in Brazilian pest outbreaks. This chapter describes the scientific background that made Bt become the most important microbial control agent in the integration of agricultural pest management with low environmental constrains, with higher efficacy than chemical pesticides.
  • ItemNota
    First Report of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, Infecting Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
    (2023-02-01) Ferreira, R. J. [UNESP]; Silva, E. M. [UNESP]; Nascimento, D. D. [UNESP]; Santos, L. B. [UNESP]; Trigo, V. A. [UNESP]; Nogueira, G. P.; Vargas, P. F. [UNESP]; Harakava, R.; Soares, P. L.M. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Aguetoni Agrícola Ltda.; São Paulo
  • ItemCapítulo de livro
    Integrated nematode management of root lesion and root-knot nematodes in soybean in Brazil
    (2021-01-01) Soares, Pedro Luiz Martins [UNESP]; Nascimento, Daniel Dalvan [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    This chapter focuses on the economic importance, host range, geographical distribution, damage symptoms and biology and life cycle of root lesion and root-knot nematodes infesting soyabean in Brazil, i.e. Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Some information on their interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, efficacy and optimization of some recommended integrated nematode management strategies and future outlook and research requirements for nematode management are also presented.
  • ItemArtigo
    Bacillus thuringiensis - Based Biopesticides Against Agricultural Pests in Latin America
    (Intech Europe, 2012-01-01) Polanczyk, Ricardo Antonio [UNESP]; Bortoli, Sergio Antonio de [UNESP]; Bortoli, Caroline Placidi de [UNESP]; Larramendy, M. L.; Soloneski, S.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
  • ItemArtigo
    Nematophagous Fungi: Formulation, Mass Production and Application Technology
    (Cabi Publishing-c A B Int, 2014-01-01) Pala Martinelli, Paulo Roberto [UNESP]; Martins Soares, Pedro Luiz [UNESP]; Santos, Jaime Maia dos [UNESP]; Silveira, Arlete Jose da; Askary, T. H.; Martinelli, PRP; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Univ Estadual Santa Cruz
  • ItemEditorial
    Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes Preface
    (Cabi Publishing-c A B Int, 2014-01-01) Askary, Tarique Hassan; Pala Martinelli, Paulo Roberto [UNESP]; Askary, T. H.; Martinelli, PRP; Sher E Kashmir Univ Agr Sci & Technol; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
  • ItemArtigo
    Nematophagous Fungi: Virulence Mechanisms
    (Cabi Publishing-c A B Int, 2014-01-01) Martins Soares, Pedro Luiz [UNESP]; Carvalho, Rafael Bernal de [UNESP]; Pala Martinelli, Paulo Roberto [UNESP]; Paes, Vanessa dos Santos [UNESP]; Silveira, Arlete Jose da; Santos, Jaime Maia dos [UNESP]; Figueiredo Barbosa, Bruno Flavio [UNESP]; Junior Ferreira, Rivanildo [UNESP]; Askary, T. H.; Martinelli, PRP; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Univ Estadual Santa Cruz
  • ItemArtigo
    Genetic diversity of Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis isolates with toxicity against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
    (2022-12-01) da Costa Fernandes, Geysla; de Prado Costa, Dalton Kaynnan; de Oliveira, Nayanne Santos; de Sousa, Emanuelle Cristine Pereira; Machado, Déborah Heloísa Bittencourt [UNESP]; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antonio [UNESP]; de Siqueira, Herbert Álvaro Abreu; da Silva, Maria Cleoneide; Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE); State University of Maranhão
    Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates native to Maranhão (BtMA) that are highly toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae and seven standard subspecies of Bt were analyzed for genetic diversity using the rep-PRC technique with BOX, ERIC, REP, MB1, and GTG5 markers. The rep-PCR technique is considered an extremely reliable, reproducible, fast and highly discriminatory technique that may be used even among populations of the same species. These five markers revealed a total of 38 polymorphic DNA fragments for 30 BtMA isolates. Eight groups were obtained with the dendrogram generated through Pearson's correlation analysis, with four groups formed only with BtMA isolates and four comprised of isolates of BtMA and the standard subspecies toxic to dipterans and lepidopterans. Despite the high genetic diversity of BtMA, a low correlation between the collection site, gene content and mortality against A. aegypti larvae was evidenced. The clustering of the standard subspecies of Bt that were toxic against dipterans with BtMA isolates confirm the mosquitocidal action of the native isolates from Maranhão, and they can be used as an alternative for A. aegypti control and other insects of medical importance and for the control of agricultural pests.
  • ItemArtigo
    Mortality of Diatraea saccharalis is affected by the pH values of the spore suspension of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae
    (2022-01-01) de Souza, Tamires Doroteo [UNESP]; Sanches, Ariadne Costa [UNESP]; Cruz, Maiara Alexandre [UNESP]; do Prado, Thais Juliane [UNESP]; Savi, Patrice Jacob [UNESP]; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antônio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Fungal virulence is multifaceted and dependent on multiple factors including the pH of the spore suspension. In this study, we accessed effects of six pH values of Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae medium for the growth, sporulation, and mortality on sugarcane stalk borer Diatraea saccharalis. The culture of fungi was performed onplates containing the PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. Virulence was tested in D. saccharalis larvae distributed in four replicates of 15 larvae. To evaluate the performance of the isolates, they were grown at different pH values in an artificial chitin medium to confirm the degradation capacity of the fungi at each pH. No significant difference was observed for the sporulation at pH ranged from 4 to 9 for both fungi. In the mortality assay, larval mortality was higher at pH 7 and 8 for both fungi, reaching 87% for B. bassiana and 81% for M. anisopliae.
  • ItemArtigo
    Protocol for assessing soybean antibiosis to Chloridea virescens
    (2022-08-01) Boiça Júnior, Arlindo Leal [UNESP]; Eduardo, Wellington Ivo [UNESP]; de Souza, Bruno Henrique Sardinha; de Moraes, Renato Franco Oliveira [UNESP]; Louvandini, Helder; Barbosa, José Carlos [UNESP]; Stout, Michael Joseph; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Louisiana State University
    There are no standard protocols for assessing antibiosis in soybean, Glycine max (L.) (Fabaceae), cultivars to lepidopterans, including tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important species that causes damage to soybean crops in several production regions. This study was conducted to assess methodologies to determine the optimal combination of larval density, confinement container size, and plant structure in soybean antibiosis assays to C. virescens. In addition, primary and secondary metabolites in plant structures were analyzed to elucidate potential chemical resistance mechanisms against this lepidopteran. Antibiosis assays to C. virescens in resistant (IAC-100) and susceptible (BR-16) soybean cultivars were performed using three larval densities (one, two, and three larvae), two confinement container sizes (150 and 300 ml), and combinations of soybean plant structures (leaves, uncut pods, leaves + uncut pods, cut pods, and leaves + cut pods). Phenol, tannin, fiber, and lignin contents were quantified in the leaves, uncut pods, and grains of the soybean cultivars and related to biological development of C. virescens. Resistance levels in soybean cultivars in antibiosis assays were best differentiated using one larva per 150-ml confinement container, fed only on soybean leaves. Higher contents of condensed tannins in the leaves of IAC-100 cultivar may be one of the main chemical mechanisms of resistance to C. virescens. Our study is the first to determine the optimal combination of larval density, confinement container size, and plant structure for antibiosis assays in soybean cultivars to C. virescens. The developed protocol will benefit high-throughput phenotyping in genetic breeding programs to obtain cultivars resistant to lepidopterans for use in integrated pest management.
  • ItemNota
    Brugmansia suaveolens as a New Host for Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in Goi_as State, Brazil
    (2022-04-01) Nascimento, D. D. [UNESP]; Silva, E. M. [UNESP]; Lopes, A. P. M. [UNESP]; Ferreira, R. J. [UNESP]; Carvalho, V. R. [UNESP]; Santos, A. L. Z. [UNESP]; Correia, E. T. [UNESP]; Wilcken, S. R. S. [UNESP]; Soares, P. L. M. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
  • ItemArtigo
    Morphological and chemical plant traits associated with feeding non-preference to adult of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in soybean genotypes
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2022-05-05) Boica Junior, Arlindo Leal [UNESP]; Costa, Eduardo Neves [UNESP]; Souza, Bruno Henrique Sardinha de; Forim, Moacir Rossi; Perlatti, Bruno; Cruz, Mara Cristina Pessoa da [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Fundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados; Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
    Diabrotica speciosa is an important pest of several crops in South America, including soybeans. Adults cause severe defoliation in soybean plants, and damage is significant when cotyledons are attacked. This study evaluated feeding non-preference to D. speciosa adults using 10 soybean genotypes, testing (i) 15-day-old whole plants and (ii) leaf disks of 60-day-old plants, through assessments of soybean attractiveness and leaf area consumed (LAC). Foliar contents of flavonoids and nutrients, and leaf trichome density were quantified for potential correlations with soybean resistance to adult of D. speciosa. In the whole young-plant experiment, under free-choice conditions, the lowest LAC was observed in IAC 100 and PI 227687. In no-choice, PI 227687 and IGRA RA 626 RR showed lower LAC than the other genotypes. In the leaf disk test, in free-choice, the genotypes IAC 100, PI 274454, PI 227687, DM 339, and BR 16 were the least preferred by adult of D. speciosa. In no-choice, PI 274454 was one of the least preferred, similarly to IGRA RA 626 RR, Dowling, and PI 227687. In the whole plant experiment, a high rutin content and low amounts of zinc, calcium, sulfur and manganese were associated with less consumption of D. speciosa on leaves of resistant genotypes. In contrast, in the leaf disk test there was a significant influence of trichomes in soybean resistance to the pest. In conclusion, the PI lines herein assessed are also promising sources for developing cultivars resistant to D. speciosa.
  • ItemArtigo
    PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DE OCORRÊNCIA DE ODONTEUCOILA MISIONERA DIAZ, 1974 (HYMENOPTERA, FIGITIDAE) PARA O BRASIL
    (Instituto Biológico, 2021-04-01) Selegatto, A.; Perioto, N. W.; Lara, R. I. R.; Martinelli, N. M. [UNESP]; APTA Regional Centro-Leste; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    This study reports the first record of the occurrence of Odonteucoila misionera in to Brazil.
  • ItemArtigo
    Selection of native isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) for the control of the coffee borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei (Scolytinae) in Brazil
    (2011-06-01) Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Pratissoli, Dirceu; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antonio [UNESP]; Andrade, Gilberto Santos; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Hypothenemus hampei (coffee borer beetle or coffee berry borer) is the main pest of coffee Coffea spp. in the world. The aim of this study was to select native isolates of the ascomycete Beauveria bassiana for biological control of this pest. We collected 27 isolates on H. hampei from the state of Espírito Santo in Brazil. Isolates CCA-UFES/Bb-15, Bb-11, Bb-4 and Bb-18 were selected, with confrmed beetle mortality of > 60% after spraying with a suspension of 105 conidia/mL. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of these isolates varied from 4.0 × 104 to 7.9 × 104 conidia/mL. The standard isolate (ESALQ-447) showed the highest conidiogenesis, with 8.5 × 106 conidia, followed by CCA-UFES/Bb-18, Bb-11, Bb-15 and Bb-4, all exceeding 4 × 106. Isolates CCA-UFES/Bb-4, Bb-11, Bb-15, and Bb-18 have a potential to control H. hampei.
  • ItemArtigo
    Relation between Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera/Noctuidae) mortality and entomopathogenic fungi persistence in soybean leaflets
    (2022-12-01) de Souza, Tamires Doroteo [UNESP]; Fernandes, Fabricio Oliveira [UNESP]; Sanches, Ariadne Costa [UNESP]; do Nascimento, Joacir [UNESP]; Pinto, Antonio Alves [UNESP]; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antônio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    ​Background: Entomopathogenic fungi have low persistence in the field because of UV light, high temperatures and low humidity. Thus, this study's objective was to correlate the persistence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in soybean leaf by measuring the mortality and sub-lethal effects of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera/Noctuidae). In the 2017–2018 and 2019–2020 soybean seasons, the experiments were conducted on plots subdivided in a completely randomized design. After spraying each plot with the fungal, either B. bassiana or M. anisopliae, leaves were collected hourly for 8 h after application and transferred to the laboratory. The local air temperature was recorded each time. For persistence assessment, the fungal suspension was prepared from the leaf disks; thereafter, 150 µl of the suspension was removed and poured into a plate. After 72 h of inoculation, colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. For the mortality test, the leaf disks were placed individually in pots and offered to second instar larvae of H. armigera. The surviving larvae were evaluated for sub-lethal effects and biological parameters. Results: Beauveria bassiana was more persistent than M. anisopliae, which persisted for 3 h in the first year and 5 h in the second year when temperatures were milder; B. bassiana persisted throughout the evaluation period (8 h). The mortality of H. armigera decreased with an increase in the time since application fungal suspension, presenting a range of 86–30% for B. bassiana and 78–4.2% for M. anisopliae. Conclusion: Assessments of sublethal effects showed an inverse correlation between CFUs and parameters such as fertility and weight.
  • ItemArtigo
    Sub-lethal effects of a Bt-based bioinsecticide on the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis
    (2021-01-01) Fernandes, Fabrício Oliveira [UNESP]; de Souza, Tamires Doroteo [UNESP]; Sanches, Ariadne Costas; Dias, Naymã Pinto; Desiderio, Janete Apparecida [UNESP]; Polanczyk, Ricardo Antonio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); University of Tennessee
    Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, 1915 are widely used to control lepidopteran in several crops. However, surviving insects exposed to the sub-lethal concentration of Bt-based bioinsecticides can suffer a multitude of effects on the biological conditioning known as hormesis. Here, we aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818), exposed to different concentrations of a Bt-based bioinsecticide, by assessing life table parameters over three generations. We defined five sub-lethal concentrations (LC5, LC10, LC15, LC20, and LC25) from the response curve estimate of A. gemmatalis. Deionized water was used as a control. We assessed the parameters of eggs-viability and the duration of the stages, incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal, adult, pre-oviposition and total biological cycle. Data were used to construct the fertility life table using the two-sex program. The survival curves showed greater variation in the proportion of individuals at each development stage using the LC25. The sub-lethal concentrations did not influence the incubation-eggs period, pre-pupal and pupal. However, the larval and adult stages using LC25 and LC10 were the most affected. Changes in sex ratio were observed using LC20 and LC5. The toxic effect of Bt-based bioinsecticide interfered mainly in the parameters of fertility, sex ratio, net reproduction rate (R0), and gross reproduction rate (GRR).