Literatura técnica de instrução: análise de caso das Artes Metricae
Carregando...
Data
2019-09-30
Autores
Simões, Vivian Gregores Carneiro Leão [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os escritos técnicos antigos contemplam uma enorme variedade de textos bastante heterogêneos quanto a conteúdo e estilo. Esse conjunto de textos que veiculam conhecimentos com alto grau de especificidade e têm objetivo didático, vem, recentemente, despertando interesse não apenas pelos conteúdos difundidos por essas obras, mas para a forma de que se revestem, no intuito de entendê-los como “literatura”. Não há dúvida de que nos textos técnicos a atenção está voltada, principalmente, para a transmissão de instruções, ou, nos termos de Jakobson, para o seu valor referencial, entretanto, é equivocado dizer que todos eles dispensem qualquer pretensão estilística. Ao contrário, em tais obras ditas “interessadas” é possível encontrar mecanismos de linguagem mobilizados deliberadamente para o enriquecimento da trama textual e é possível dizer que muitos dos recursos linguísticos empregados nos textos técnicos antigos têm origem, essencialmente, nos conceitos mais importantes da retórica e oratória antigas. Aquelas Artes grammaticae cujo escopo principal é a matéria métrica e a formação dos versos latinos, isto é, as Artes metricae, são um caso ainda mais particular dentro do conjunto de textos técnicos antigos, seja por originalmente servirem à melhor compreensão dos poetas, seja por tratarem da própria matéria poética, métrica e versificação, ou ainda pela singularidade de seu público, versado nas artes gramaticais e interessado pelas “belas letras”. Ao delimitar o gênero “literatura técnica” na Antiguidade Clássica latina e investigar as origens das artes gramaticais, especialmente das que se dedicam ao estudo da métrica clássica, o presente trabalho pretende, a partir da análise do córpus, debater a pertinência desses tratados técnicos antigos no rol das obras literárias produzidas na Roma Antiga na medida em que: 1) apresentam literariedade, isto é, a preocupação com o aspecto formal do texto, não apenas com o conteúdo a ser transmitido; 2) aplicam os referidos princípios da Retórica Clássica, postulados por Cícero, no diálogo De oratore, nos manuais de retórica De inventione, obra anterior do próprio Cícero, e na Rhetorica ad Herennium, de autor desconhecido, e pelos tratados de retórica de Aristóteles e Quintiliano. O córpus de análise selecionado para a presente investigação é o tratado técnico métrico acerca das modalidades técnicas métricas para a composição artística de poemas, Marii Victorini Artis Grammaticae Libri IIII, Os Quatro livros de Mário Vitorino sobre a Arte Gramatical, cuja autoria fora atribuída ao renomado rétor romano do séc. III Caio Mário Vitorino, e ao gramático romano Élio Aftônio sobre quem pouco se sabe. .
The ancient technical writings offer a great variety of different texts both in terms of content and style. This miscellany that provides a high specialized knowledge and aims clearly at a didactic goal has recently been calling attention not only by its content but also by the form they display in order to be understood as “Literature”. Without question the attention devoted to passing on instructions in the technical texts is their main purpose or, according to Jakobson, the attention devoted to their referential function. However, it is misconceived to say they forgo any stylistic aspiration. On the contrary, in such specific works it is possible to find a series of language mechanisms deliberately used for the enrichment of the texts. It is possible to say that many of the language resources applied in the technical texts have their origin essentially in some of the most important concepts from ancient rhetoric and oratory. Those Artes grammaticae whose main theme is metrics and the formation of Latin verses, i.e., the Artes metricae, are an even more particular case within the miscellany of ancient technical texts, be it for originally discussing poetry or leading to a better understanding of poets, be it for the singularity of its audience, experienced in the grammar arts and interested in belles-lettres. The present work aims at stablishing the genre “technical literature” in the Classic Latin Antiquity and at investigating the origins of the grammar arts, especially those concerning the study of classical metrics and yet, starting from the analysis of the corpus, to discuss the relevance of ancient technical treatises among literary works produced in Ancient Rome since they 1) possess literary value, it means, the concern with the formal aspect of texts and not only the content to be transmitted; 2) apply principles from Classical Rhetoric postulated by Cicero, in De oratore and in Da inventione, by the rhetoric treatises of Aristotle and Quintilian and by the work Rhetorica ad Herennium, from unknown author. The selected analysis corpus is the metric technical treatise about the metric technical modes to the artistic composition of poems, the work Marii Victorini Artis Grammaticae Libri IIII, whose authorship had been attributed to the renowned Roman rhetorician of the third century, Gaius Marius Victorinus, and to the Roman grammarian Aelius Aphthonius about whom little is known.
The ancient technical writings offer a great variety of different texts both in terms of content and style. This miscellany that provides a high specialized knowledge and aims clearly at a didactic goal has recently been calling attention not only by its content but also by the form they display in order to be understood as “Literature”. Without question the attention devoted to passing on instructions in the technical texts is their main purpose or, according to Jakobson, the attention devoted to their referential function. However, it is misconceived to say they forgo any stylistic aspiration. On the contrary, in such specific works it is possible to find a series of language mechanisms deliberately used for the enrichment of the texts. It is possible to say that many of the language resources applied in the technical texts have their origin essentially in some of the most important concepts from ancient rhetoric and oratory. Those Artes grammaticae whose main theme is metrics and the formation of Latin verses, i.e., the Artes metricae, are an even more particular case within the miscellany of ancient technical texts, be it for originally discussing poetry or leading to a better understanding of poets, be it for the singularity of its audience, experienced in the grammar arts and interested in belles-lettres. The present work aims at stablishing the genre “technical literature” in the Classic Latin Antiquity and at investigating the origins of the grammar arts, especially those concerning the study of classical metrics and yet, starting from the analysis of the corpus, to discuss the relevance of ancient technical treatises among literary works produced in Ancient Rome since they 1) possess literary value, it means, the concern with the formal aspect of texts and not only the content to be transmitted; 2) apply principles from Classical Rhetoric postulated by Cicero, in De oratore and in Da inventione, by the rhetoric treatises of Aristotle and Quintilian and by the work Rhetorica ad Herennium, from unknown author. The selected analysis corpus is the metric technical treatise about the metric technical modes to the artistic composition of poems, the work Marii Victorini Artis Grammaticae Libri IIII, whose authorship had been attributed to the renowned Roman rhetorician of the third century, Gaius Marius Victorinus, and to the Roman grammarian Aelius Aphthonius about whom little is known.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Literatura técnica, Literariedade, Retórica clássica, Artes grammaticae, Mário Vitorino