Qualidade ambiental urbana: proposta de um índice para a cidade de Rio Claro/SP
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Data
2020-11-30
Autores
Fornazieiro, Marcos Paulo Almeida [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A qualidade ambiental urbana é um indicador importante de sustentabilidade das cidades, relacionando- se diretamente com as condições de bem estar e sadia qualidade de vida da população. Diante disso, o objetivo fundamental desta pesquisa foi gerar um Índice de Qualidade Ambiental Urbana (IQAU) para Rio Claro-SP, a partir da síntese dos seguintes indicadores ambientais: cobertura vegetal, uso do solo urbano, poluição ambiental, vulnerabilidade a alagamento e inundação e temperatura de superfície, os quais foram selecionados após ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e caracterização detalhada da área de estudo. Os referidos indicadores foram gerados e organizados em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), sendo posteriormente integrados por meio da análise de pesos de evidências para a qual se adotou o método Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP – Analytic Hierarchy Process). Como resultado, foi gerada a Carta Síntese de Qualidade Ambiental Urbana de Rio Claro, cujo IQAU variou entre 1,32 e 4,95. Ainda, foi estimada a variação do IQAU entre os bairros e as quadras urbanas, sobretudo devido as diferenças entre os tipos de uso do solo e os índices de cobertura vegetal, a qual foi demonstrada pela Análise dos Componentes Principais (PCA – Principal Components Analysis). Os resultados alcançados revelam a potencialidade das ferramentas de geoprocessamento para a integração e síntese de dados geoespaciais, permitindo-se obter produtos de grande aplicabilidade para a tomada de decisões no âmbito do planejamento urbano e ambiental das cidades. De modo propositivo, foi realizado também um Workshop de Geodesign, com o objetivo de refletir sobre alternativas na perspectiva de projetos e políticas que podem contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental urbana em Rio Claro, baseando-se num processo co-participativo. Diante do exposto, espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa possam servir de subsídios ao adequado uso e ocupação do solo urbano, visando a melhoria da qualidade ambiental urbana de Rio Claro/SP. Além disso, espera-se também que a metodologia adotada nessa pesquisa possa ser reproduzida para outras realidades urbanas similares, com as devidas adequações para cada área de análise.
Urban environmental quality is an important indicator of sustainability in cities, directly related to the conditions of well-being and healthy quality of life of the population. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this research was to generate an Urban Environmental Quality Index (UEQI) for Rio Claro- SP, based on the synthesis of the following environmental indicators: vegetation cover, urban land use, environmental pollution, vulnerability to flooding and flooding and surface temperature, which were selected after extensive bibliographic research and detailed characterization of the study area. These indicators were generated and organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, being subsequently integrated through the analysis of evidence weights for which the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was adopted. As a result, the Synthesis Letter for Urban Environmental Quality of Rio Claro was generated, whose IQAU ranged between 1.32 and 4.95. One can also observe the variation of the IQAU between the neighborhoods and the urban blocks, mainly due to the differences between the types of land use and the vegetation cover indices, which was demonstrated by the Principal Components Analysis (PCA - Principal Components Analysis ). The results achieved reveal the potential of geoprocessing tools for the integration and synthesis of geospatial data, obtaining products of great applicability for decision making within the scope of urban and environmental planning of cities. As a purposeful research, a Geodesign Worskshop was held which sought to think of alternatives in the form of policies and projects that would contribute to the improvement of urban environmental quality in Rio Claro, based on a co-participatory process. As such, it’s hoped that the results of this research may serve as subsidies for the appropriate use and occupation of urban soil, aiming at improving the urban environmental quality of Rio Claro / SP. In addition, it is also expected that the methodology adopted in this research can be reproduced for other similar urban realities, with the appropriate adjustments for each area of analysis.
Urban environmental quality is an important indicator of sustainability in cities, directly related to the conditions of well-being and healthy quality of life of the population. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this research was to generate an Urban Environmental Quality Index (UEQI) for Rio Claro- SP, based on the synthesis of the following environmental indicators: vegetation cover, urban land use, environmental pollution, vulnerability to flooding and flooding and surface temperature, which were selected after extensive bibliographic research and detailed characterization of the study area. These indicators were generated and organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, being subsequently integrated through the analysis of evidence weights for which the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was adopted. As a result, the Synthesis Letter for Urban Environmental Quality of Rio Claro was generated, whose IQAU ranged between 1.32 and 4.95. One can also observe the variation of the IQAU between the neighborhoods and the urban blocks, mainly due to the differences between the types of land use and the vegetation cover indices, which was demonstrated by the Principal Components Analysis (PCA - Principal Components Analysis ). The results achieved reveal the potential of geoprocessing tools for the integration and synthesis of geospatial data, obtaining products of great applicability for decision making within the scope of urban and environmental planning of cities. As a purposeful research, a Geodesign Worskshop was held which sought to think of alternatives in the form of policies and projects that would contribute to the improvement of urban environmental quality in Rio Claro, based on a co-participatory process. As such, it’s hoped that the results of this research may serve as subsidies for the appropriate use and occupation of urban soil, aiming at improving the urban environmental quality of Rio Claro / SP. In addition, it is also expected that the methodology adopted in this research can be reproduced for other similar urban realities, with the appropriate adjustments for each area of analysis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
SIG, Geodesign, GIS, Qualidade ambiental urbana, Análise multicritério, Urban environmental quality, Multi-criteria analysis