El Libro de Las Béstias de Ramón Llull: a ilustração do fenômeno político pela animalidade (século XIII)
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2020-04-15
Autores
Anjos, Crislayne Fátima dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o fenômeno político através do olhar dos bestiários, representação, tanto textual, como figurativa dos seres naturais, caracteristicamente populares na Idade Média e profundamente influenciado pelo neoplatonismo cristão. Transmissor de elementos simbólicos enraizados nos profundos fundamentos da exegese bíblica e das reminiscências da memória que remonta à Antiguidade, as representações animais enviavam o homem medieval para uma nova dimensão de seu próprio imaginário e de sua mentalidade. Suas dimensões moralizantes habitaram, não apenas ao espaço religioso, mas se fizeram presentes em crônicas destinadas à nobreza e reais, bem como nos tratados políticos. E sobre este último que se vai debruçar. Escrito em fins do século XIII, El Libro de las Bestias, obra político-filosófica catalã, cujo conteúdo versa sobre uma sociedade de Bestas que vivenciam um processo eleitoral para o ofício de rei e suas consequências. Ilustra em suas linhas, a descrição do cenário político e as minúcias de saber atuar no âmbito do poder. Seu autor, o maiorquino Ramón Llull (1232-1316), prolífico autor e transeunte confesso dos mais abundantes campos da intelectualidade medieval, se dedica em sua obra a alertar os governantes sobre os perigos que desfilam nos centros de governo. Tem como objetivo está pesquisa, buscar analisar as múltiplas facetas do poder manifestadas na corte do reino das Bestas através dos seus comportamentos e de suas expressividades. A proposta de Ramón concentra-se na ideia de que o governante trabalhe com generosidade e virtude acima de seus interesses particulares, pressuposto que se torna evidente nas esmiuçadas descrições sobre a deterioração da figura do rei diante a face obscura do poder. Paralelamente, Ramón Llull preocupa-se em advertir os governantes para que se preservem dos maus conselheiros, elementos estes que acabam por fundir-se à figura real.
This dissertation aims to analyze the political phenomenon through the eyes of bestiaries, both textual and figurative representation of natural beings, characteristically popular in the Middle Ages and deeply influenced by Christian Neoplatonism. Transmitting symbolic elements rooted in the deep foundations of biblical exegesis and reminiscences of the memory dating back to antiquity, animal representations sent the medieval men into a new dimension of his own imagery and mentality. Its moralizing dimensions dwelt not only in the religious space, but were present in chronicles destined for the nobility and the royals, as well as in political treaties. And we look at the latter. Written at the end of the 13th century, El Libro de las Bestias, a Catalan political-philosophical work, whose content is about a society of Beasts who experience an electoral process for the office of king and its consequences, illustrates in its lines the description of the scenario and the minutiae of knowing how to act in the realm of power. Its author, Majorcan Ramón Llull (1232-1316), prolific author and passerby of the most abundant fields of medieval intellectuality, dedicates himself in his work to warn the government about the dangers that parade in the government centers. The objective of this research was to analyze the multiple facets of power manifested in the court of the kingdom of Beasts through their behavior and expressiveness. Ramón's proposal focuses on the idea that the ruler works with generosity and virtue above his particular interests, an assumption that is evident in the detailed descriptions of the deterioration of the king through the dark face of power. Linked to this argument, at the same time, it is concerned with warning government officials to preserve themselves from bad advisors, elements that make up the royal figure.
This dissertation aims to analyze the political phenomenon through the eyes of bestiaries, both textual and figurative representation of natural beings, characteristically popular in the Middle Ages and deeply influenced by Christian Neoplatonism. Transmitting symbolic elements rooted in the deep foundations of biblical exegesis and reminiscences of the memory dating back to antiquity, animal representations sent the medieval men into a new dimension of his own imagery and mentality. Its moralizing dimensions dwelt not only in the religious space, but were present in chronicles destined for the nobility and the royals, as well as in political treaties. And we look at the latter. Written at the end of the 13th century, El Libro de las Bestias, a Catalan political-philosophical work, whose content is about a society of Beasts who experience an electoral process for the office of king and its consequences, illustrates in its lines the description of the scenario and the minutiae of knowing how to act in the realm of power. Its author, Majorcan Ramón Llull (1232-1316), prolific author and passerby of the most abundant fields of medieval intellectuality, dedicates himself in his work to warn the government about the dangers that parade in the government centers. The objective of this research was to analyze the multiple facets of power manifested in the court of the kingdom of Beasts through their behavior and expressiveness. Ramón's proposal focuses on the idea that the ruler works with generosity and virtue above his particular interests, an assumption that is evident in the detailed descriptions of the deterioration of the king through the dark face of power. Linked to this argument, at the same time, it is concerned with warning government officials to preserve themselves from bad advisors, elements that make up the royal figure.
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Ramón Llull, Poder, Animalística, Mentalidades, Política, Power, Animalistic, Mentalities, Politics